Sedentary semiendoparasites

Tylenchulus semipenetrans: citrus nematode

Rotylenchulus reniformis: reniform nematode

Nacobbus - false root-knot nematode

Early line drawing of female morphology and anatomy.

Citrus root. Scanning electron micrograph of nematodes on root surface.

Citrus root cross section: citrus nematode and feeding site.

Entire female body dissected from citrus root. Distortion of anterior body is caused by restriction of cortical cell walls.

Citrus orchard: effect of nematicide treatment. (C.W. McBeth, 1953).

Four-year-old citrus tree, no nematicide treatment (R.C. Baines in photograph, 1950).

Four-year-old citrus tree, preplant-treated with D-D soil fumigant (R.C. Baines in photograph, 1950).

Postplant treatment of grapefruit trees with DBCP (Nemagon) nematicide, Coachella Valley, California (R.C. Baines, R.H. Small, I.J. Thomason in photograph, 1959).

Grapefruit yield in response to DBCP nematicide treatment. Numbers indicate number of fruit per box, lower numbers per box indicates that fruit size is larger (C.W. McBeth data, 1958).

Posterior region of young female body at cotton root surface. Note gelatinous matrix of egg sac.

Posterior region of female bodies on surface of cotton root, surrounded by gelatinous matrix of egg sac.

Cowpea root: female nematode and feeding site.

Soybean root: females on surface.

Transverse section of cotton root: female and feeding site.

Electron micrograph: stylet tip inserted into cotton root cell.

Nematicide experiment on pineapple plantation, Hawaii, 1986. Manifolds and meters for delivering materials through a drip irrigation system.

Nematicide experiment on pineapple plantation, Hawaii, 1986. Combination of plastic mulch to elevate soil temperature and preserve moisture with nematicide delivered through drip line.

a pratylenchid that feeds as a migratory endoparasite as a juvenile and becomes sedentary in galls as an adult.