NEMATOLOGY 100   -  FINAL EXAM      Name:
   December 14, 1994        2 hours 
   (50% of overall grade)
   
   
  1.  (10 points)                                                            
      What features would you design into a nematode species to enhance its 
      success in an annual cropping system?
      Discuss these characteristics in relation to the sugarbeet cyst nematode 
      and the dagger nematode.




  2.  (12 points)
      On December 8, 1994 the California Department of Pesticide Regulation
      announced that permits will be issued in 13 counties for the use of 
      Telone II nematicide.                                                    
      a)  What type of nematicide is Telone and how does it move through soil?
      b)  If you were asked to designate three California crops that you 
	  considered to have highest priority for use of this nematicide, 
	  what would they be, and why?
      c)  What are the target nematode species in the case of each of your 
	  designated crops?
      d)  Discuss the pros and cons of using the nematicide in situations
	  where it has not been used since 1990.



  3.  (10 points)                                                              
      Discuss resistance to desiccation as a nematode survival mechanism.
      Use examples of genera, species, life stages, and feeding habits 
      where it may be important.  Consider the agricultural significance 
      in each case.



  4.  (10 points)
      Match the following. (Some letters may be used several times, others
      may not be used at all.  There may be several answers to each question).
      _________1. Animal or human parasite              a)Caenorhabditis elegans
      _________2. Can feed on fungi                     b) Longidorus africanus
      _________3. Predaceous nematode                   c) Ditylenchus destructor
      _________4. Bacterial-feeding nematode    d) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
      _________5. Host-mediated egg hatch               e) Mononchus sp
      _________6. Sedentary endoparasite                f) Sheath nematode
      _________7. Virus transmission                    g) Rotylenchulus reniformis
      _________8. A-rated pest (California)             h) Wucheria bancrofti
      _________9. Migratory endoparasite                i) Soybean cyst nematode
      ________10. Order Tylenchida                      j) Meloidogyne hapla
     



  5.  (10 points)
      Describe relationships between seed-gall nematodes and bacteria of the 
      genus Clavibacter




  6.  (10 points)
      Describe current understanding of the glandular activity and glandular
      secretions of root-knot nematodes with regard to stimulating and 
      maintaining giant cells.                                                  




  7.  (10 points)
      Radopholus similis is an important parasites of bananas in Central 
      America.  What type of damage will they cause?  How are the nematodes and 
      their damage managed?




  8.  (8 points)
      What factors will you consider in developing crop rotation sequences for plant-
      parasitic nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne and the genus Heterodera. 




  9.  (10 points)                                                        
      Describe the proposed causality of bacterial canker of peach in California.



  10.  (10 points)
      Briefly describe the modes of capture/infection of nematodes by their 
      fungal parasites.  Provide an example of a fungus genus in each case.