Rev 04/23/2024
Oncholaimus Dujardin, 1845
Type species of the genus: Oncholaimus attenuatus Dujardin, 1845
Over 100 species cataloged although some have incomplete description.
Synonyms:
The Demanian system is a set of canals, junctions and pores unique for some genera of Oncholaimidae. The system differs from simple (primitive) to more complex (advanced) in different genera and species.
Ref; Smol et al., 2014; Tchesunov. 2015
Female:
Male:
Free-living marine, brackish and freshwater nematodes.
Probably omnivore-predators with large stoma and sharp teeth (Heip et al., 1985; Tchesunov, 2015)
The following observations on sexual processes were made for Oncholaimus oxyuris. They may differ in other species.
The Demanian system features in "traumatic insemination" in which the male uses spicules and secretions puncture the cuticle of the posterior part of the female to form a copulatory pore. Sperm and secretions are released into the pore. The introduced sperm cells move through terminal ducts and reach the main duct of the Demanian system. The sperm move forward and are temporarily stored around the uvette in the main duct. From there they enter the uterus through the ductus uterinus. Eggs are fertilized in the uterus (Coomans et al., 1988; Tchesunov, 2015),
With each copulation, a new copulation pore and interstitial channel are formed. After withdrawal of the spicules a "wound plug" seals the pore. When copulations are frequent, sperm of a previous insemination are evacuated to the intestine through the osmosium. Coomans et al (1998) hypothesize that subsequent copulations result in the fertilization of different groups of eggs by different males.
Heip, C., Vincx, M., Vranken, G. 1985. The ecology of marine nematodes. Oceanography and marine biology. Ann Rev Lond 23:399-489
Tchesunov, A.V. 2015. Free-living nematode species (Nematoda) in hydrothermal sites of the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Helgoland Marine Research 69:343-384.