Iotonchium

  

Contents

  

Rev 08/14/2023

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Iotonchium Menu Ecosystem Functions and Services
Distribution Management
Return to Iotonchiidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Enoplea
Dorylaimia
              Tylenchida
                 Tylenchina
          Sphaerularioidea
                       Iotonchiidae

Iotonchium Cobb, 1920

Type species of the genus: Iotonchium imperfectun Cobb, 1920

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Morphology and Anatomy:

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Female:  

  • Monodelphic, prodelphic, no postvulval uterine sac
  • Vulval flap absent
 

Males:  

  • Stylet degenerate
  • Esophagus degenerate or absent
  • Cylindroid spicules L-shaped
  • Bursa envelopes tail.

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
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Distribution:

 

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Feeding:

 Nematodes of the genus Iotonchium inhabit fruiting bodies of basidiomycetous fungi. They have two life-cycle phases: a mycetophagous phase living in mushrooms and an insect-parasitic phase parasitizing mycetophilid gnats. In this genus, 11 species have been reported in the world, however, only 5 species, including 4 Japanese species, have been clarified the details of their life cycles. 

Iotonchium ungulatum is causal agent of the gill-knot disease of oyster mushrooms.  Its feeding activity causes galls (knots) on the gills of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus fungi. However, other Iotonchium species feed in  fungal fruiting bodies without causing galls. 

Nematodes of the genus Iotonchium have close relationships with mycetophilid gnats in their second life-cycle phase (Tsuda, 2012).

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Biology and Ecology:
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Life Cycle:

 
For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

 

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Management:

 

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References:

Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects, 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

Subbotin, S.A. 2014. Order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949. In Schmidt-Raesa, A. (ed). Handbook of Zoology: Gastroctricha, Cycloneurelia and Gnathifera. Vol 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin

Tsuda, K, 2012. The tripartite relationship between mushrooms, mycetophilid gnats, and nematodes. Journal of the Japanese Forest Society 94:307-315.

Yeates, G.W., T. Bongers, R.G.M. de Goede, D.W.Freckman and S.S. Georgieva. 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families - an outline for ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25:315-331.

 

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Copyright  1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: August 14, 2023.