Paracrobeles laterellus

 

Contents

 

Rev 05/25/2021

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Paracrobeles Menu Ecosystem Functions and Services
Distribution Management
Return to Cephalobidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Rhabditida
      Tylenchina
        Cephaloboidea
          Cephalobidae

           Paracrobeles laterellus Heyns, 1968

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Morphology and Anatomy:

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  • Stout to moderately slender nematodes, body length 565-727 um.
  • Cuticle 2 um thick, deeply annulated; annuli 2-3 um wide.
  • Lateral field with two wings (three longitudinal incisures), occupying 15-19% of midbody diam., extending to tail tip.
  • Lip region continuous with body contour, with three pairs of asymmetrical lips, one dorsal and two ventrolateral.
  • Six labial and four cephalic sensilla, primary axils forming a deep U-shape,
  • Oral opening surrounded by three labial probolae, connected at bases by tangential ridges, each labial probola with a short basal part (stipe) and a longer and bifurcated distal part (furca) with basal ridge and prongs very long and divergent, more or less straight, lacking lateral tines (pinnae).
  •  Amphidial apertures clearly visible, large, rounded.
  • Stoma cephaloboid, cheilostom with well-developed and rounded rhabdia, gymnostom very short, stegostom with minute discernible rhabdia.
  • Esophagus cephaloboid,corpus subcylindrical, 2.4-3.0 times isthmus length;  swollen elongated metacorpus with a wide lumen, isthmus slightly anteriorly wider, basal bulb ovoid, with well-developed valve apparatus.
  • Cardia conoid, surrounded by intestinal tissue.
  •  Excretory pore at 65-75% of neck length, situated at isthmus level, 30-35 annuli from anterior end.
  • Deirids at 80-88% of neck length, situated at isthmus level, 35-42 annuli from anterior end.

Female:

  • Monodelphic-prodelphic, ovary short, lacking flexures, with oocytes in one row, oviduct short, alveolated, spermatheca well developed, 0.6-0.7 corresponding body diam. long, distally very swollen and proximally tubular.
  • Uterus 1.6-2.0 times as long as corresponding body diam., tubular, proximally thinner,
  • Post-vulval uterine sac long, 1.1-1.4 times body diam. with thin walls.
  • Vagina sigmoid, extending inward for 28-31% of body diam., vulva ventral, not protruding.
  • Rectum 0.7-1.0 anal body diam. long, three small gland-like cells distinguishable around intestinerectum junction.
  • Tail conoid, with finely rounded terminus, rarely mucronate. Phasmids located at 35-42% of tail length.

Male:

  • Monorchic, dextral in position, testis variable in development and reflexed to left side anteriorly.
  • Spicules paired and symmetrical, rounded and ventrally curved manubrium, conoid-elongate calamus and almost straight lamina with a ventrad curved acute tip.
  • Gubernaculumwell developed, curved, about half of spicule length long, crura well developed.
  • Three gland-like cells around beginning of cloaca.
  • Genital papillae in seven pairs: two precloacal pairs and five caudal pairs (one subventral in middle part, one subventral and one subdorsal in posterior part, and two pairs near tail terminus, one ventral and one lateral at lateral field terminus).
  • Tail conical and curved ventrad ending in a finely rounded or almost acute tip.
  • Phasmids located at 41-49% of tail length, slightly posterior to anteriormost subventral postcloacal genital papillae.

Ref: Abolafia et al., 2020.


Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

 

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Distribution:

Described from various locations in South Africa and re-described from Botswana.

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Feeding:

 Bacteria    

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Biology and Ecology:

   
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Life Cycle:

 Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

 
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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

 

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Management:

 

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References:

Abolafia, J., A.N. Ruiz-Cuenca, E. Shokoohi, G. Du Preez, and H. Fourie. 2020. Redescription of Paracrobeles laterellus Heyns, 1968 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from Botswana. Nematology 22: 155-164.

Heyns, J. (1968). Paracrobeles laterellus n. gen., n. sp. from South Africa (Nematoda: Cephalobidae). Nematologica 14, 511-514. DOI: 10.1163/187529268X00192

 

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: May 25, 2021.