Phanoderma		Contents		Rev: 08/27/2026
		Classification		Biology and Ecology
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Phanoderma Menu				Ecosystem Functions and Services
		Distribution		Management
Return to Phanodermatidae Menu		Feeding		References
		Go to Nemaplex Main Menu		Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Enoplea

  Enoplia
        Enoplida

            Enoplina

                Enoploidea

                     Phanodermatidae

Phanodermatinae

Phanoderma  Bastian, 1865

Type species of the genus:: Phanoderma cocksi Bastian, 1865

    Synonyms:

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Morphology and Anatomy:

The genus Phanoderma differs from the other genera  in the Phanodermatidae in having:

• an attenuated head,
• well-developed pharyngeal capsule and trilobed cephalic capsule, often with a striated posterior margin (Type V),
• Pharynx posterior wall crenellate
• Ocelli present or absent

Ref: Smol et al. 2014; Zograf et al. 2015; Lee and Rho, 2019; Huang and Guo, 2022

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Distribution:

Free-living marine nematodes, often associated with intertidal algae and sandy sediment.

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for the genus Phanoderma

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Huang, Y. and Guo, Y. 2022, Free-living Marine Nematodes from the East China Sea, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3836-7_10

Lee, H.Y. and Rho, H.S. 2019. A new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Phanoderma Bastian, 1865 (Enoplida: Phanodermatidae) from the East Sea, Korea  Korean J. Envir. Biol. 37:396-405.

Smol N, A Muthumbi and J Sharma. 2014. Handbook of zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Vol 2. Nematoda. 7.3 Order Enoplida. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 193-246.

Zograf JK, AT Yulia and NP Olga. 2015. Description of new species of Phanodrmopsis (Enoplida, Phanodermatidae) with key to genera of family Phanodermatidae and pictorial key to Phanodermopsis species. Zootaxa 4032:277-289.

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Revised by Howard Ferris: August 27, 2026.