|
1 |
a |
Female didelphic |
2 |
|
|
b |
Female monodelphic |
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
a |
Cephalic framework moderately sclerotized; vulva
provided with lateral vulval membranes; male cloaca provided with large
hypoptygmata |
|
Antarctenchus
(Spaull, 1972) |
|
b |
Cephalic framework not sclerotized; vulva without
lateral vulval membranes; male without hypoptygmata |
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
a |
Head high with distinct amphidial slit on the
lateral side; median bulb usually behind middle of pharynx |
|
Psilenchus
(de Man, 1921) |
|
b |
Head low with indistinct amphidial slit; median bulb anterior to middle of pharynx |
|
Atetylenchus
(Cobb 1913) |
|
|
4 |
a |
Stylet = 76-104µm |
5 |
|
|
b |
Stylet = 38-52µm |
|
Epicharinema
(Raski, Maggenti, Koshy & Sosamma, 1982) |
|
|
c |
Stylet = 22-34µm |
6 |
|
|
|
d |
Stylet less than 22µm |
7 |
|
|
|
5 |
a |
Cephalic region continuous, not lobed; lateral
field beginning near middle of pharynx |
|
Tylodorus
(Meagher, 1964) |
|
b |
Cephalic region offset, with four prominent lobes;
lateral field beginning at base of pharynx |
|
Arboritynchus
(Reay, 1991) |
|
|
6 |
a |
Cuticle with longitudinal ridges |
|
Campbellenchus (Wouts, 1977) |
|
b |
Cuticle without longitudinal ridges except for the
lateral field |
|
Gracilancea
(Siddiqi, 1976) |
|
|
7 |
a |
Head provided with setae |
8 |
|
|
b |
Head without setae |
9 |
|
|
|
8 |
a |
Vulva covered by longitudinal flap, male without
caudal alae; cloaca provided with large hypoptytgmata |
|
Atetylenchus
(Cobb 1913) |
|
b |
Vulva with lateral vulval flaps; male with caudal
alae; cloaca raised |
|
Eutylenchus
(Cobb 1913) |
|
|
9 |
a |
Cuticle provided with longitudinal ridges |
10 |
|
|
b |
Cuticle without longitudinal ridges except for the
lateral field |
14 |
|
|
|
10 |
a |
Stylet conus about 1/3 of stylet length |
11 |
|
|
b |
Stylet conus about 1/2 of stylet length |
13 |
|
|
|
11 |
a |
The longitudinal ridges mask the transverse body
annulations; lateral field not distinct (the mid-lateral ridge appears
slightly larger than the others) |
|
Ridgellus
(Siddiqi, 2000) |
|
b |
The longitudinal ridges divide the transverse
annulations into blocks |
12 |
|
|
|
12 |
a |
Lateral field with four lines |
|
Neothada
(Khan, 1973) |
|
b |
Lateral field with two lines, very thin animals |
|
Ecphyadophoriodes (Corbett 1964) |
|
|
13 |
a |
Vulva covered by longitudinal flap; stylet =
17-19µm |
|
Pleurotylencus (Szczygiel, 1969) |
|
b |
Vulva with lateral flaps (sometimes small or
absent); stylet less than 15µm (exceptionally 17-19µm |
|
Coslenchus
(Siddiqi, 1978) |
|
|
14 |
a |
Stylet conus about 1/3 of stylet length |
15 |
|
|
b |
Stylet conus about 1/2 stylet length |
31 |
|
|
|
15 |
a |
15. Head high with oblique or transverse amphidial
slit on the lateral side |
16 |
|
|
b |
Head variously shaped, amphidial slit
longitudinally oriented or only present on the front (than not seen by
light microscopy |
18 |
|
|
|
16 |
a |
Body ventrally curved, sometimes in spiral; female
reproductive system with offset spermatheca filled with small refractive
sperm and ovary with oocytes in multiple rows |
|
Boleodorus
(Thorne, 1941) |
|
b |
Body straight or only slightly curved; sperm not
refractive and oocytes not in multiple rows |
17 |
|
|
|
17 |
a |
17. Anterior part of stylet not conical but with
wide lumen, stylet without knobs |
|
Neopsilenchus
(Thorne & Malek, 1968) |
|
b |
Anterior part of stylet conical with the usual very
fine lumen; stylet with or without knobs |
|
Basiria
(Siddiqi, 1959) |
|
|
18 |
a |
Head with large dome-shaped structure |
|
Cucullitylenchus (Huang & Raski, 1986) |
|
b |
Head with small disc-like structure at front end |
19 |
|
|
|
c |
Head with smooth contour |
20 |
|
|
|
19 |
a |
Very slender, (a-value=62-67); caudal alae
posteriorly concave |
|
Mitranema
(Siddiqi, 1986) |
|
b |
Not so slender; caudal alae rounded, no vulval
flaps |
|
Discotylenchus (Siddiqi, 1980) |
|
|
|
Not so slender; caudal alae rounded, distinct
vulval flaps |
|
Malenchus
(M. labiatus) (Maqbool & Shahina, 1985) |
|
|
20 |
a |
Very slender body (a-value 60-180); bursa lobed |
21 |
|
|
b |
Very slender body, bursa not lobed |
22 |
|
|
|
c |
Body not extremely slender; bursa (if present) not
lobed |
23 |
|
|
|
21 |
a |
Body constricted at vulva; head quadrangular
(amphidial openings small pores on front, not distinct with light
microscopy) |
|
Ecyphyadophora (de Man, 1921) |
|
b |
Body not constricted at vulva; head dorso-ventrally
flattened; long sinuous amphidial aperture |
|
Tenunemellus
(Siddiqi, 1986) |
|
|
22 |
a |
Lateral field absent |
|
Ultratenella
(Siddiqi, 1984) |
|
b |
Lateral field prominent with four lines |
|
Chilenchus
(Siddiqi, 2000) |
|
|
23 |
a |
Cuticular annuli deeply incised |
24 |
|
|
b |
Cuticular annuli not so deeply incised, sometimes
indistinct |
27 |
|
|
|
24 |
a |
Stylet with minute swellings, median bulb hardly
developed |
|
Thada
(Thorne, 1941) |
|
b |
Stylet with small knobs, median bulb hardly or well
developed |
25 |
|
|
|
25 |
a |
Annuli zigzag in surface view; annulations continue
on the head; male without caudal alae |
|
Miculenchus
(Andrássy, 1959) |
|
b |
Annuli normal; male with caudal alae |
26 |
|
|
|
26 |
a |
Vulva with projecting vulval lips, male with
elongated bursa |
|
Silenchus
(Andrássy, 2001) |
|
b |
Vulva sunken in body; male with rather short,
ad-cloacal bursa |
|
Malenchus
(Andrássy, 1968) |
|
|
27 |
a |
Head dorso-ventrally flattened with longitudinal
sinuous amphidial apertures; the small head contains large amphidial
pouches; body usually very slender |
|
Lelenchus
(Andrássy, 1954) |
|
b |
Head quadrangular with usually longitudinal (but
not sinuous) amphidial apertures; amphidial pouches not distinct;
relatively thicker species |
28 |
|
|
|
28 |
a |
Clavate stylet knobs with ventrally situated
opening of pharyngeal lumen; dorsal gland has opening one half to one
stylet length posterior to knobs |
|
Irantylenchus
(Kheiri, 1972) |
|
b |
Stylet has rounded knobs; dorsal gland opening
close to knobs |
29 |
|
|
|
29 |
a |
Lateral vulval membranes |
|
Fraglenchus
(Siddiqi, 2000) |
|
b |
Lateral vulval membranes absent |
30 |
|
|
|
30 |
a |
Median bulb underdeveloped, no valves |
|
Sakia
(Khan, 1964) |
|
b |
Median bulb slightly or well developed, with valves |
|
Filenchus
(Andrássy, 1954) |
|
|
31 |
a |
Vulva provided with lateral flaps |
32 |
|
|
b |
Vulva without flaps |
33 |
|
|
|
32 |
a |
Lateral field with two lines; vagina thin;
post-vulval sac short |
|
Allotylenchus
(Andrássy, 1984) |
|
b |
Lateral field with three lines (but the two ridges
can slightly separate so that in total four lines can sometimes be
seen); vagina thickened; post-vulval sac short |
|
Aglenchus
(Andrássy, 1954) |
|
|
c |
Lateral field with four lines, vagina not swollen,
no post-vulval uterine sac…………… |
|
Fraglenchus
(Siddiqi, 2000) |
|
|
d |
Lateral field usually with six lines, sometimes
four lines; vagina not thickened; post-vulval uterine sac well developed |
|
Cephalenchus
(Goodey, 1962) |
|
|
33 |
a |
Pharynx without median bulb |
|
Tanzanius
(Siddiqi, 1991) |
|
b |
Pharynx with median bulb |
34 |
|
|
|
34 |
a |
Lateral field and body annulations at mid-body
mostly inconspicuous |
35 |
|
|
b |
Lateral field and body annulations distinct; caudal
alae distinct |
36 |
|
|
|
35 |
a |
A few large annuli just posterior to the head |
|
Cervoannulatus (Bajaj, 1998) |
|
b |
Not such large annuli |
|
Polenchus
(Andrássy, 1980) |
|
|
36 |
a |
Vulva with projecting vulval lips, male with
elongated bursa |
|
Silenchus
(Andrássy, 2001) |
|
b |
Vulva plain, male with shorter, ad-cloacal bursa |
|
Tylenchus
(Bastian, 1865) |
Source:
Geraert, E. 2008. The Tylenchidae of the World: Identification of the family Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Academia Press, Gent Belgium 540pp.