Rev 10/31/2023
Tylenchida Tylenchina Tylenchoidea Heteroderidae Punctoderinae
Betulodera betulae (Hirschmann & Riggs, 1969) Sturhan, 2002
Type species of the genus.
Synonyms: Heterodera betulae Hirschmann & Riggs, 1969
Cactodera betulae (Hirschmann & Riggs, 1969) Krall & Krall, 1978
.
Female:
J2:
Ref: Subbotin et al., 2010
Male:
Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
Recovered from soil samples taken from River Birch (Betula nigra) along the bank of the middle fork of the White River near Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. Also reported from locations in A Iowa and Missouri (Golden and Raski, 1977)
Betula nigra and other birch species. Limited reproduxction reported on Lespedexa, Alnus and a few other plants that were tested.
Ecophysiological Parameters:
Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:
Golden, A.M. and Raski, D.J. 1977. Heterodera thornei n.sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) and a review of related species J. Nematology 9: 93-112.
Krall, E.L. and Krall, H.A. (1978). [Revision of the plant nematodes of the family Heteroderidae on the basis of trophic specialization of these parasites and their co-evolution with their host plants.] In: Fitoges helmintologicheskie Issledovaniya. Moscow, USSR, Nauka, pp. 39-56.
Subbotin, S.A., Cid Del Prado Vera, I., Mundo-Ocampo, M. & Baldwin, J.G. (2011) Identification, phylogeny and phylogeography of circumfenestrate cyst nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) as inferred from analysis of ITS-rDNA. Nematology, 13:805-824. https://doi.org/10.1163/138855410X552661
Sturhan, D, 2002. Notes on the genus Cactodera Krall & Krall, 1978 and proposal of Betulodera betulae gen. nov., comb. nov.(Nematoda: Heteroderidae. Nematology 4 :875-882.
Subbotin, S.A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8A , D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 351p