Rev 10/16/2023
Tylenchida Tylenchina Tylenchoidea Heteroderidae Heteroderinae
Heterodera leuceilyma Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964
One of the species of the genus that comprise the "Sacchari group" of Heterodera spp. Species of the groupes have lemon-shaped cysts, are ambifenestrate, and have finger-like bullae projecting from the underbridge of the vulval cone (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007).
According to our present knowledge, H. sacchari is definitely present in tropical Africa, H. goldeni is found in the middle east and H. leuceilyma occurs in the subtropical south-east of North America. The species identity of H. sacchari records from other Asian countries, as well as from Trinidad, West Indies, may need confirmation (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007).
General Characteristics of the Sacchari Group of Heterodera
Cysts lemon-shaped Ambifenestrate Bullae present, finger-like Underbridge well-developed J2 incisures 3 Monocotyledonous hosts
(Handoo and Subbotin, 2018; Subbotin et al., 2010, Tanha Maafi et al., 2005, 2007)
Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
Subtropical southeast US (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007)
Severe pest of St. Augustine grass (Di Eduardo and Perry, 1964)
Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.
Hosts of the Sacchari group of Heterodera spp. are generally moncotyledons.
Heterodera leuceilyma
Ecophysiological Parameters:
Little work has been done on control.
DI EDWARDO, A.A. & PERRY, V.G. (1964). Heterodera leuceilyma n. sp. (Nemata: Heteroderidae), a severe pathogen of St Augustine grass in Florida. Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, Bulletin
HANDOO, Z.A. & IBRAHIM, I.K.A. (2002). Description and SEM observations of a new species of cyst nematode
Handoo, Z.A., Subbotin, S.A. 2018. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. Chapter 15 in Perry, R.N. Moens, M., and Jones, J.T.(eds) Cyst Nematodes. CAB International.
LUC, M. (1986). Cyst nematodes in equatorial and hot tropical regions. In: Lamberti, F. & Taylor, C.E. (Eds). Cyst nematodes. New York & London, Plenum Press, pp. 355-372. 496 NematologyMorphological and molecular studies on Heterodera
MULVEY, R.H. (1972). Identification of Heterodera cysts by terminal and cone top structures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 50, 1277-1292.
STURHAN, D. (1998). Notes on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Heteroderidae parasitising Gramineae. Nematologica 44, 585-586.
SUBBOTIN, S.A., WAEYENBERGE, L. & MOENS, M. (2000). Identification of cyst forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLP. Nematology 2, 153-164.
Subbotin, S,A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8B, D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 512p
SWARUP, G., PRASAD, S.K. & RASKI, D.J. (1964). Some Heterodera species from India. Plant Disease Reporter 48, 235.
Tanha Maafi, Z., Sturhan, D., Handoo, Z., Mor, M., Moens, M., Subbotin, S.A.. (2005). Morphological and molecular characterisation of Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merny, 1963 and H. goldeni Handoo & Ibrahim, 2002 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Russian Journal of Nematology 13, 152-153.
Tanha Maafi, Z., Sturhan, D., Handoo, Z., Mor, M., Moens, M., Subbotin, S.A.2007. Morphological and molecular studies on Heterodera sacchari, H. goldeni and H. leuceilyma (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) Nematology 9:493-497.