Ditylenchus phyllobius

 

Contents

 

Rev 01/16/2023

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Ditylenchus Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Anguinidae Menu Feeding  References
    Go to Nemaplex Main Menu   Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Anguinidae
          Anguininae
          
 Ditylenchus phyllobius (Thorne, 1934) Filipjev, 1936

Synoinyms:

Nothanguina phyllobia Thorne, 1934

Orrina phyllobia (Thorne, 1934) Brzeski, 1981

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Morphology and Anatomy:

 

  
 

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

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Distribution:

 
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Economic Importance:

D-rated in California.

 

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Feeding:

  Feeds in galls on leaf and petile tissues/

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Hosts:

 Silver leaf nightshade (Solanum slaeagnifolium) in panhandle of Texas and South Africa.
 

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

Has been suggested as a biocontrol agent of silverleaf ninghtshade in Australia (Field et al., 2009) and tested extensively in Texas (Northam and Orr, 1982; Robinson et al., 1978).


 
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Life Cycle:

Infective juveniles (J4) enter apical meristems of actively growing host plants (Orr 1980); they develop into adults withoin a week. The infection results in hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pallisade, pith, cortical and vascular parenchyma and the formation of leaf, petiole and stem galls (Field et al., 2009; Skinner et al. 1980).

Nematode reproduction occurs over six to eight weeks with tens of thousands of nematodes being produced in galls that range from 3 up to 25 cm3 (Skinner et al. 1980). Mature galls contain mainly J4 juveniles which are resistant to desiccation (Robinson 1985).

 Infection of meristematic areas requires the presence of a moisture film to enable rehydration of anhydrobiotic nematodes, under dry conditions, J4 juveniles can survive apparently indefinitely in the state of anhydrobiosis (Orr 1980) and large numbers of dried viable juveniles are often found in the upper few centimetres of soil in Texas (Robinson et al. 1978).

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

 

     

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Damage:

Causes galling on leaves of host plants and decreases their competitive fitness.
    

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Management:

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

 

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References:

Field, R.P., Kwong, R., Sagliocvco, J.L. 2009. Host specificity of Ditylenchus phyllobius, a potential biological control agent of silver-leaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) in Australia. Plant Protection Quarterly 24:141-145.

Northam, F.C. and Orr, C.C. 1982. Effects of a nematode on biomass and density of silverleaf nightshade. Journal of Rangeland Management 35:536-537.

Orr, C.C. 1980. Nothanguina phyllobia, a nematode biocontrol of silverleaf nightshade. Proc. 5th International Symp.Biological Control of Weeds, Brisbane, Australia, 389-391.

Robinson, A.F. 1985. Observations of molting and population development by Orrina phyllobia. Journal of Nematology 17:239-241.

Robinson, A.F., Orr, C.C. and Abernathy, J.R. 1978. Distribution of Nothanguina phyllobia and its potential as a biological control agent of silver-leaf nightshade. Journal of Nematology 10:362-366.

Skinner, J.A., Orr, C.C. and Robinson, A.F. 1980. Histopathogensis of the gall induced by Nothanguina phyllobia in Solanum elaeagnifolium. Journal of Nematology 12:141-150.

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: January 16, 2023.