Heterodera salixophila

  

Contents

  

Rev 10/16/2023

Willow Cyst Nematode Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Heterodera Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Heteroderinae

           Heterodera salixophila Kirjanova, 1969

A member of the Humuli group of Heterodera.spp.

Synonyms:
    

Review general characteristics of the genus Heterodera.

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Morphology and Anatomy:

General Characteristics of the Humuli Group of Heterodera

Cysts lemon-shaped
Bifenestrate except H. fici
Bullae absent or present
Underbridge weak
Vulval slit long
J2 incisures 4
Dicotyledonous hosts

(Handoo and Subbotin, 2018; Subbotin et al., 2022)

 

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Cysts:

  •  Lemon-shaped, light to dark brown, with distinct vulval cone, filled with eggs.
  • Neck short,
  • Vulval cone ambifenestrate, vulval bridge narrow, underbridge distinct, medium to large in size, bullae distinct and peripheral.

Heterodera salixophila is considered to be in the Humuli group (Mathews, 1971; Subbotin et al., 1997, 2001, 2010) and characterized by:

  •  lemon-shaped cysts, bifenestrate vulval fenestration (ambifenestrate for H. fici and H. salixophila)
  • with or without small bullae and a weak underbridge
  •  long vulval slit,
  •  four incisures in the lateral fields of the J2.
  • Generally parasites of dicotyledons.

Males:  

  • General morphology typical for genus.
  • Labial region with six or seven annuli.
  • Lateral field with four incisures.
  • Stylet knobs rounded.
  • Spicules and gubernaculum curved.
  • Tail short

Ref: Danesh et al., 2021

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
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Distribution:



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Economic Importance:

 

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Feeding:


      

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Hosts:

Hosts of the Humuli group are generally Dictoyledons.
 
For an extensive host range list for this species, click

 

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

 

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Damage:

 

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Management:

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

 

 

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References:

Danesh, Y.R., A.M. Hesar and R. Ghaderi, 2021. Integrative taxonomy of the willow cyst nematode, Heterodera salixophila Kirjanova, 1969, a new record of the Humuli group from Iran. Nematology 23:57-67.

Kirjanova, E.S. 1969. On the structure of the subcrystallinme layer in nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematododa: Heteroderidae) with a description of two new species Parazitologya 3:81-92.

Mathews, H.J.P. (1971). Two new species of cyst nematode, Heterodera mani n. sp. and H. iri n. sp., from northern Ireland. Nematologica 17, 553-565. DOI: 10.1163/ 187529271X00279

Subbotin, S.A., Sturhan, D., Waeyenberge, L. & Moens, M. (1997). Heterodera riparia sp. n. (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) from common nettle, Urtica dioica L., and rDNA-RFLP separation of species from the H. humuli group. Russian Journal of Nematology 5, 143-157

Subbotin, S.A., Vierstraete, A., De Ley, P., Rowe, J., Waeyenberge, L., Moens, M. & Vanfleteren, J.R. (2001). Phylogenetic relationships within the cyst-forming nematodes (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) based on analysis of sequences from the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21, 1-16. DOI: 10.1006/mpev.2001.0998

Subbotin, S.A., Mundo-Ocampo, M. & Baldwin, J.G. (2010). Systematics of cyst nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives 8A (Series Eds: Hunt, D.J. & Perry, R.N.). Leiden, The Netherlands, Brill.

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