Insulanema		Contents		Rev 06/16/2025
		Classification		Hosts
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Insulanema Menu		Economic Importance		Damage
		Distribution		Management
Return to Carnoyidae Menu		Feeding		References
		Nemaplex Home Page		Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Chromadorea
Chromadoria

           Rhabditida 

                       Spirurina

                          Ransomnematoidea

                   Carnoyidae

 

            Insulanema Malysheva, Van Luc, Spiridonov 2012

Type species of the genus: Insulanema longispiculum Malysheva, Van Luc, Spiridonov 2012

Synonyms:

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Insulanema  is easily distinguished from African and Australasian Carnoyidae by the position of the last postcloacal pair of genital papillae and enormously long spicules in the male,

Genus characterized by:

•  small to medium sized nematodes; females 2800-4600 um long and males 2000-3000 um long.
• Strongly marked sexual dimorphism in stoma and pharynx structure
• absence of spines or other cuticular formations in the cervical region of both male and female,
• presence of six cuticular pieces around the oral opening,

Female:

• Cephalic extremity narrow,with amphids and four cephalic papillae. Lateral alae absent.
• Six cuticular pieces, two dorsal and four subventral surround oral opening.
• Body cuticle with fine annulation free of any formations.
• Buccal cavity long, with anterior capsule having cuticular feather-like projections and numerous small setaceous processes; posterior part tubular, surrounded by pharyngeal tissue.
•  Pharynx narrow anteriorly, widening abruptly after nerve ring level into subcylindrical muscular corpus.
• Isthmus long, narrow, leading to the spheroid basal bulb.
• Didelphic; Vulva at mid-body. Vagina long, muscular, directed anteriorly initially then reflexinfg to join uterus. Uterus runs
  posteriorly to vulva level before dividing into two oviducts.
• Seminal receptacle present. Ovaries extend beyond basal bulb level.
• Eggs large with thin shells.
• Tail long, initially conoidal, with long subulate tip

Male:

• Cephalic region with amphids and four cephalic papillae. Lateral alae absent.
• Body cuticle with fine annulation free of any formations.
• Buccal cavity divided into three parts: short anterior part lined by thin layer of cuticle, longer middle part bearing small, anteriorly directed setaceous processes, and posterior part with one dorsal and two subventral feather-like cuticular lamellae projecting into lumen.
• Pharyngeal corpus long, subcylindrical, leading to well defined isthmus and spheroid basal bulb.
• Spicules very long, paired, isometric and isomorphic.
• Gubernaculum boat-shaped, with distinct dorsal hole in proximal body third. Caudal alae absent.
• Fourteen genital papillae distributed as: four precloacal pairs with posteriormost at cloacal level; three postcloacal pairs with two subventral pairs just under posterior cloacal lip and one pair subdorsal at the conical part
  of the tail. Area rugosa present in cloacal region.
• Tail initially convex conoidal with long distal tip.

Ref Malysheva et al., 2012

Insulanema longispiculum Female (A-F). A: total view; B: optical section through buccal cavity, lateral view; C: optical section through buccal cavity, ventral view; D: anterior end, lateral view; E: superficial structures of vulva region, lateral view; F: anal region, lateral view. Male (G-K). G: total view; H, I: optical section through buccal cavity, lateral view; J: posterior end, ventral view; K: spicules and gubernaculum. (Scale bar for A = 400 um, B, C = 30 um, D, H = 60 um, E, F, K = 100 um, G = 200 um, I = 40 um, J = 175 um).. Drawings from  Malysheva et al., 2012

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Distribution:

Described from Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam.

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Economic Importance:

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for the genus Insulanema

Parasitic in the hingut of a millipede (Diplopoda, Apeuthes sp.).

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Hosts:

Millipede

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Life Cycle:

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Damage:

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Management:

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References:

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Copyright  1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: June 16, 2025.