Insulanema longispiculum		Contents		Rev 07-06-2025
		Classification
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Insulanema Menu		Distribution		Ecosystem Functions and Services
		Feeding		Management
Return to Carnoyidae Menu		Biology and Ecology		References
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Classification:

Chromadorea
Chromadoria

           Rhabditida 

                       Spirurina

                          Ransomnematoidea

                  Carnoyidae

 

            Insulanema longispiculum Malysheva, Van Luc, Spiridonov 2012

Type species of the genus

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Female:

• Cephalic extremity narrow,with amphids and four cephalic papillae. Lateral alae absent.
• Six cuticular pieces, two dorsal and four subventral surround oral opening.
• Body cuticle with fine annulation free of any formations.
• Buccal cavity long, with anterior capsule having cuticular feather-like projections and numerous small setaceous processes; posterior part tubular, surrounded by pharyngeal tissue.
•  Pharynx narrow anteriorly, widening abruptly after nerve ring level into subcylindrical muscular corpus.
• Isthmus long, narrow, leading to the spheroid basal bulb.
• Didelphic; Vulva at mid-body. Vagina long, muscular, directed anteriorly initially then reflexinfg to join uterus. Uterus runs
  posteriorly to vulva level before dividing into two oviducts.
• Seminal receptacle present. Ovaries extend beyond basal bulb level.
• Eggs large with thin shells.
• Tail long, initially conoidal, with long subulate tip

Male:

• Cephalic region with amphids and four cephalic papillae. Lateral alae absent.
• Body cuticle with fine annulation free of any formations.
• Buccal cavity divided into three parts: short anterior part lined by thin layer of cuticle, longer middle part bearing small, anteriorly directed setaceous processes, and posterior part with one dorsal and two subventral feather-like cuticular lamellae projecting into lumen.
• Pharyngeal corpus long, subcylindrical, leading to well defined isthmus and spheroid basal bulb.
• Spicules very long, paired, isometric and isomorphic.
• Gubernaculum boat-shaped, with distinct dorsal hole in proximal body third. Caudal alae absent.
• Fourteen genital papillae distributed as: four precloacal pairs with posteriormost at cloacal level; three postcloacal pairs with two subventral pairs just under posterior cloacal lip and one pair subdorsal at the conical part
  of the tail. Area rugosa present in cloacal region.
• Tail initially convex conoidal with long distal tip.

Ref Malysheva et al., 2012

Insulanema longispiculum Female (A-F). A: total view; B: optical section through buccal cavity, lateral view; C: optical section through buccal cavity, ventral view; D: anterior end, lateral view; E: superficial structures of vulva region, lateral view; F: anal region, lateral view. Male (G-K). G: total view; H, I: optical section through buccal cavity, lateral view; J: posterior end, ventral view; K: spicules and gubernaculum. (Scale bar for A = 400 um, B, C = 30 um, D, H = 60 um, E, F, K = 100 um, G = 200 um, I = 40 um, J = 175 um).. Drawings from  Malysheva et al., 2012

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Distribution:

Described from Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam.

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Economic Importance:

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for the genus Insulanema

Parasitic in the hingut of a millipede (Diplopoda, Apeuthes sp.).

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Hosts:

Millipede

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

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Copyright 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: June 07, 2025.