Bursaphelenchus mucronatus

 

Contents

 

Rev 07/26/2023

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Bursaphelenchus Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Aphelenchoididae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Tylenchina
Aphelenchoidea
Aphelenchoididae
Bursaphelenchinae
Bursaphelenchinae
Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya & Enda, 1979
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Morphology and Anatomy:

  Female: .

Female tail has a mucron.

Male: Paired spicules with prominent disc expansions at distal end.

Anterior region

Female gonad with spermatheca and postuterine sac.

 

 Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Photographs of B. mucronatus provided by Dr. Paulo Vieira, University of Evora, Portugal
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Distribution:

Reported from Canada, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Greece, China and US.

Vectored by Monochamus alternatus in Japan.

Intercepted in June, 1990 in test shipments of logs from Siberia to California.

Occurs in the US (Dwinell, 1997)

Ref:. (Mamiya and Endo, 1979 - Nematologica).

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Economic Importance:

Q-rated pest in California Nematode Pest Rating System.

Recent concerns about plans to import raw lumber from Siberia to mills in California and Oregon - subjected to intensive review - a conflict of different interest groups.

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Feeding:

Nematodes spread through axial and radial resin canals of pine trees, feeding on epithelial cells.

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Hosts:

Pine.

 

For an extensive host range list for this species, click


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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Life cycle similar to that of B. xylophilus.

 In Japan, B. mucronatus usually assocaites in phoretic relationships with Monochamus saltuarius which can also be a vector of B. xylophilus (Ozawa et al., 2021).

Bursaphelenchus species in phoretic association with Monochamus beetles may infect pine trees in two ways, both of which are impoprtant but may have diifferent fitness implications:

1.  They enter through feeding wounds made by the beetles on healthy pine twigs (Mamiya and Enda, 1972; Jikumaru and Togashi, 2001). Ozawa et al (2021) suggest  that this infection pathway may render less virulent nemaodes unable to overcome the resistance mechanisms of healthy pine tree and fail to become established.

2.  They enter via oviposition wounds created by adult female beetles on declining or recently killed pine trees (Wingfield, 1983; Ishiguro and Aikawa, 2016). Evidence supporting this mechanisms of transmission of the nematodes is provided by the frequent occvurrence of Bursaphelenchus in the reproductive organs of both sexes of the beetle. Ozawa et al (2021) consider this infection pathway to be of critical importance for the long-term survival and success of the nematode population because the weakened or dying trees are less likely to have effective resistance mechanisms.

 

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Damage:

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Management:

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

 

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References:

Ishiguro, H. and Aikawa, T. 2016. [Invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus into dead Pinus densiflora tree through oviposition wounds made by Monochamus alternatus.] Journal of the Japanese Forest Society 98: 124-127. DOI: 10.4005/jjfs.98. 124

Ishiguro, H. and Aikawa, T. 2016. [Invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus into dead Pinus densiflora tree through oviposition wounds made by Monochamus alternatus.] Journal of the Japanese Forest Society 98: 124-127. DOI: 10.4005/jjfs.98. 124

Jikumaru, S. and Togashi, K. 2001. Transmission of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) through feeding wounds by Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Nematology 3, 325-333. DOI: 10.1163/ 156854101317020240

Ozawa, S., Maehara, N., Aikawa, T., Yanagisawa, L. and Nakamura, K. 2021. Occurrence of two species of Bursaphelenchus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in the reproductive organs of Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Nematology 23:485-494.

Wingfield, M.J. 1983. Transmission of pine wood nematode to cut timber and girdled trees. Plant Disease 67, 35-37. DOI: 10.1094/PD-67-35

 

Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: July 26, 2023.