Acrobelestemp

 

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Rev 02/11/2025

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Classification:

Chromadorea
Rhabditida
       Tylenchina
        Cephaloboidea
          Cephalobidae

           Acrobelestemp
 von Linstow, 1877
     

Synonym:

Seleborca Andrassy, 1985

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Andrassy (1985) separated Seleborca from Acrobelestemp
  mainly by the presence of a double cuticle and a lateral field with four incisures, two simple outer and two crenate or wavy inner lines. However, Shahina andf De Ley (1997) considered that the double cuticle feature had arisen independently in several genera and that the character was insufficient to establish a new genus.  They synonymized Seleborca with Acrobelestemp
.  Species of Acrobelestemp
 are currently (2019) considered to be separated into two groups: the "Complexus group" with a double cuticle and the "Ciliatus group" with a single cuticle (Abolafia et al., 2019).

Distinguishing characteristics separating Seleborca and Acrobelestemp
 as described by Andrassy (1985) are:
(1) Cuticle double, outer layer thinner and inner layer thicker, heavily annulated in Seleborca; cuticle single in Acrobelestemp
.
(2) Cuticle  structure  in Seleborca simple, rarely punctated, never divided into blocks by longitudinal striae. Cuticle in Acrobelestemp
 often
ornamented, simple or rarely divided into blocks by longitudInal lines.
(3) Lateral field in Seleborca with four incisures, two simple outer lines and two corrugated wavy inner lines; in Acrobelestemp
 there are two or
three incisures, the outer lines simple or slightly crenate.
Head structures and other morphological characters are similar in both genera.

Head end showing probollae and cuticular pattern of Acrobelestemp
 farzanae
, an example of the cuticular pattern divided into blocks.
Photograph from Heyns, 1995

.

Acrobelestemp
 complexus
(source: Paul de Ley)

Lip region with triangular lips and bifurvcated labial probollae, bordered by trianguklar tines.

Stoma distinctly jointed, cheilostom wide followed by a funnel-shaped or narrow posterior part with heavy wall.

Cuticle double (complexus group) or single (ciliatus group).

Esophageal corpus cylindrical, isthmus present but sometimes indistinct, terminal bulb always valved. 

Tail of both sexes usually short.

Cuticle striated, often with two layers.

Female: gonad single, anterior directed usually reflexed several times. 


Acrobelestemp
 sp. - labial probollae
SEM photomicrograph from Nadler et al., 2006
 
  Male, whole body

 

Male: bursa absent but genital papillae present. 

Spicules paired, gubernaculum present. 

 
Male tail Spicules and gubernaculum
P

Photomicrographs by Howard Ferris

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
 
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Distribution:

Prevalent in arid soils.

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for nematodes of this Genus

 Bacteria    

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Biology and Ecology:

   
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Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

 

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Management:

 

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References:

Abolafia, J. E. Shokoohi, G. Du Preez and H. Fourie. 2019. Description of Acrobelestemp
 aenigmaticus sp. n. (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae), an unusual species with a poorly developed vulva, from the Kalahari Desert (Ngamiland, Botswana). Nematology 21:319-332.

Andrassy. I. 1985. A dozen new nematode species from Hungary.Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest. 19: 3-39.

Heyns, J. 1995. Acrobelestemp
 farzanae spec. nov. and Seleborca complexa (Thorne) from the West Coast National Park and Rocher Pan Nature Reserve (Nematoda: Cephalobidae). Koedoe 38:105-113

Nadler, S.A., DeLey, P.,Mundo-Ocampo, M., Smythe, A.B.,Stock, S.P., Bumbarger, D., Adams, B.J., Tandingan De Ley, I., Holovachov, O., Baldwin, J.G. 2006. Phylogeny of Cephalobina (Nematoda): Molecular evidence for recurrent evolution of probolae and incongruence with traditional classifications. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40: 696-711.

Shahina, F., and De Ley, P. 1997. Two new species of Cephalobidae from Valle de la Luna, Argentina, and observations on the genera Acrobelestemp
 and NothAcrobelestemp
 (Nematoda: Rhabditida). Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20: 329-347.

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: February 11, 2025.