Tupaiostrongylus

Tupaiostrongylus	Contents	Rev: 06/02/2025
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Tupaiostrongylus Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Molineidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Chromadoria
Rhabditida: Rhabditina
Infraorder Rhabditomorpha
Molineoidea: Molineidae
Molineinae

Tupaiostrongylus Dunn, 1963
Type species of the genus: Tupaiostrongylus liei Dunn, 1963

Synonyms:

In the Molinidae, most species have synlophes with variations of an 18-ridge bilaterally symmetrical system in the cervical region. A sixth species has 26 cervical ridges. Two groups of species of genus Nematodirus are recognized on the basis of synlophe characteristics and other morphological features:

Nematodes < 5mm long, not coiled.
Cephalic end lacking lips, with 4 external labial papillae, 4 cephalic papillae and two amphids.
Buccal capsule reduced to a ring 4 um long.
Esophageal teeth absent.
Cephalic vesicle wider than long.
Excretory pore located anterior to nerve ring. Excretory sinus markedly long.
Synlophe: Cuticle of body in both sexes with longitudinal cuticular crests which increase in number from anterior to posterior. Crests arise along median lines of body, and disappear in front of caudal bursa in males and at level of anus in females. Number of crests in synlophe vary among species.. Synlophe with two small lateral alae.

Females:

didelphic
vulva in posterior 25% of bodyovejector kidney-shaped,
tail with caudal spine and tubercles

Ref: Durette-Desset et al, 1981; Durette- Desset and Chabaud, 1981

Males:

Caudal bursa with ornamentation over entire ventral surface.
Dorsal lobe round. Dorsal ray short. Rays 9 perpendicular to dorsal ray.
Spicules 170-290 um long, alate, divided into two processes.
Gubernaculum 70 um long.
Genital cone well developed.

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:

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Distribution:

Two species, T. minor and T. major, are decribed from tree shrews in Indonesia.

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for the genus Tupaiostrongylus

Intestinal parasites of tree shrews (Tupaia tana).

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Dunn, F.L. 1963. A new trichostrongylid nematode from an oriental primate. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 30, 161-165.

Durette-Desset, M.C. & Chabaud, A.G. 1981. Sur les Molineidae parasites de Mammiferes. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et comparee, 56: 489-502.

Durette-Desset, M-C., Palmieri, J.R., Purnomo, Cassone. J. 1981. Two new species of Tupaiostrongylus Dunn, 1963 (Nematoda: Molineidae) from a tree shrew (Tupaia tana) of Indonesia. Systematic Parasitology 3:237-242.