Oswaldocruzia manuensis

Oswaldocruzia manuensis	Contents	Rev 05/26/2026
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Oswaldocruzia menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Molineidae Menu	Feeding	References
	Go to Nemaplex Main Menu	Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification

Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida

Superfamily: Molinieoidea

Family: Molineidae

Subfamily: Molineinae

Oswaldocruzia manuensis Guerrero, 2013

Morphology and Anatomy:

General Characteristics:

Small size nematodes, not coiled.
Cephalic vesicle with light anterior swelling.
En face buccal aperture triangular, ventrally elongate, with 6 outer-labial papillae, 2 amphids and 4 cephalic papillae.
Dorsal esophageal tooth present.
Deirids, posterior to excretory pore; well-developed excretory glands. M
Cervical alae present short, not reaching end of esophagus end.
Cu ticular ridges without chitinous support in both females and males.
Synlophe of uninterrupted longitudinal ridges without chitinous support from posterior to the cephalic vesicle to just anterior to caudal bursa in males and at phasmids level in females.

Males:

Spicules 180-208 um long, divided proximally into three main branches and then distally into 5-7 small branches of unequal length).
Caudal bursa with pattern of type 2-3
Gubernaculum absent.
Genital cone 14-18 um long and 24-8 um wide at base, with very large papilla on anterior lip and 2 less developed papillae on posterior lip.

Females:

Didelphic- amphidelphic
Vulva at about 30% of body length; vagina vera dividing vestibule into two parts
Uterine branches with eggs at morula stage, 81 x 43 um.
Tail with caudal spine; phasmids at 48 um from posterior tip.

Ref: Guerrero, 2013

Oswaldocruzia manuensis A. Female, anterior; B. Female, head apical view; C. Female, section at mid-body; D. Male, section at mid-body; E. Female, cervical ala at level of excretory pore; F. Female, vulvar and ovejector regions; G. Female, tail; H. Male, left spicule, externo-dorsal view; I. Male, left spicule, ventral view; J. Male, caudal bursal, ventral view; K. Male, genital cone, ventral view.
Scale bars: A, F-G = 100 um; B, E, M = 20 um; C, D, H-J = 50 um
Drawings from Guerrero, 2013

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

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Distribution:

Described from the small intesatine of the true toad, Rhinella marina, in Pakitza, Parque Nacional Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru (Guerrero, 2013)

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Economic Importance:

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Hosts:

Intestinal parasite of the true toad, Rhinella marina.

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Feeding:

Parasite of ther small intestine

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Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Damage:

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Management:

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References:

Guerrero, R. 2013. Two new species of Oswaldocruzia (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina: Molineoidea) parasites of the cane toad Rhinella marina (Amphibia: Anura) from Peru. Acta Parasitologica, 2013, 58:30-36; ISSN 1230-2821

Willkens, Y., Santos, J.N., Melo, F.T.V.V. 2025. Molineid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: A checklist of Caribbean, Panamanian, and Neotropical species and notes on their biology and host associations. Parasitology 153:169-185. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025101364

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