Physaloptera sibirica		Contents		Rev 01/11/2025
		Classification		Biology and Ecology
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Physaloptera  Menu				Ecosystem Functions and Services
		Distribution		Management
Return to Physalopteridae Menu		Feeding		References
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Classification:

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Morphology and Anatomy:

• Medium-sized nematodes, whitish color.
•  Cuticle thick with fne transverse striations.
• Cephalic collarette (vesicle) present, extending posteriorly to the level of deirids.
•  Cephalic end dome-shaped, oral aperture dorsoventrally elongate, surrounded by two lateral pseudolabia; each with two large submedian (dorsolateral and ventrolateral) cephalic papillae and one small amphid situated at nearly the middle of pseudolabium.
•  Inner margins of pseudolabia with a median conical tooth, a median tripartite tooth and two lateral cuticular ridges; a  pair of short longitudinal grooves at internal bases of pseudolabia..
• Eesophagus with anterior short muscular portion and long glandular portion. Nerve ring around posterior of muscular part of esophagus.
•  Deirids well developed, spine-shaped, slightly posterior to nerve ring; excretory pore slightly posterior to junction of muscular and glandular esophagus.
•  Posterior end of body sexually dimorphic.

Physaloptera sibirica  a Anterior of male, ventral view. b Anterior end of male, ventral view. c Anterior end of male, lateral view. d Vulva region, lateral view. e Posterior end of male, ventral view. f Spicules. g Egg, embryonated. h Egg, unembryonated. i Posterior end of female, lateral view. Scale bars: a 1000 um; b, c, f: 200 um; d, e, i: 500um; g, h: 30 um Drawings from Chen et al., 2023

Female:

•  Vulva at about 17% of body length, slightly protruding,
• Vagina long, muscular, initially directed posteriorly from vulva and then oriented anteriorly;
• Didelphic with two uterine branches
•  Posterior end of body almost straight, not spirally coiled ventrally. Tail about 1 abd long, with roughly rounded tip
•  A pair of small lateral phasmids present at base of tail tip.

Male:

• Spicules similar in shape, with subpointed distal end, unequal in length; left spicule slightly longer.
• No gubernaculum absent.
• Posterior end of body spirally coiled ventrally.
• Spade-like caudal bursa, ornamented ventrally with numerous longitudinal cuticular tubercles  and supported by four pairs of subventral pedunculate papillae.
•  Anterior margin of cloaca with three sessile papillae (median papilla tabular, usually larger than lateral papillae), posterior margin of cloaca with two pairs of sessile papillae
• Tail about 1.g cbd long, with rounded tip.. Phasmids situated between second and third pairs of postcloacal ventral papillae.

Ref  Chen et al., 2023

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Distribution:

Specimens have been described from Shaanxi Province, China, Siberia, Uzbekistan and the Palearctic region.

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Feeding:

Intestinal parasite of the hog badger, Arctonyx collaris, eurasian badger (Meles meles amurensis) and red fox (Vulpus vulpes)

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Chen, H-X., Zeng, J-L., Gao, Y-Y, Zhang, D., Li, Y., Li, L. 2023. Morphology and genetic characterization of Physaloptera sibirica Petrow & Gorbunov, 1931 (Spirurida: Physalopteridae), from the hog-badger Arctonyx collaris Cuvier (Carnivora: Mustelidae), with molecular phylogeny of Physalopteridae. Parasites and Vectors 16: 227 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05838-6

Copyright 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: January 11, 2025.