Diplotriaena		Contents		Rev: 02/20/2024
		Classification		Biology and Ecology
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Diplotriaena Menu				Ecosystem Functions and Services
		Distribution		Management
Return to Diplotriaenidae Menu		Feeding		References
		Go to Nemaplex Main Menu		Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Chromadorea

  Chromadoria

   Rhabditida

Spiruria

              Seuratoidea

               Diplotriaenidae

       Diplotriaena (Railliet & Henry, 1909), Henry & Ozoux, 1909

Parasites of the air sacs of birds.

    Synonyms:
     

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Because of their rather similar morphology and the inadequate descriptions of many nominal species, it is practically impossible to make a detailed comparison among them. Some authors prefer to characterize these parasites according to their host groups.

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Distribution:

The wide geographical distribution is attributed to dispersion through themigratory habits of the bird hosts and the lack of requirement for specific intermediate hosts (Vieira et al., 2017).

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Feeding:

Diplotriaena are parasites of the air sacs of birds. A single bird may be parasitized by more than one species of Diplotriaena .

Diplotriaena parasitize Anseriformes, Apodiformes, Galliformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Piciformes and Passeriformes.  in Brazil, Diplotriaena bargusinica has been recorded for Passeriformes (Icteridae, Dendrocolaptidae, Corvidae and Emberezidae (Vieira et al., 2017).

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Biology and Ecology:

The pathology associated with Diplotriaena infection includes lesions in the liver, the lungs, airway edema, air bag fibroplasia, liver bleeding, lymphoid hyperplasia and thrombosis caused by larval and adult migrations.

The infections result in lethargy, labored breathing, below average size and weight and scarce plumage .

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Life Cycle:

The life cycle of Diplotriaena is known, pregnant females lay eggs in the air sacs of the host, the fertilized eggs reach the bronchi and trachea where they are swallowed and then eliminated in the feces.

In the external environment, they are ingested by arthropods (intermediate hosts), which are then ingested by the birds. The infective form is then released, migration occurs, and upon reaching the air sacs, the nematodes copulate (Vieira et al., 2017).

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Moravec, F., Justine, J.L. 2018. Three new species of Diplotriaena (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae ) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, with a key to the species of Diplotriaena from Anguilliformes. Parasite 2018; 25:51.

Vieira, T.D., Pegoraro de Macedo, M.R., Bernardon, F.F., Muller, G. 2017. Morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analyses of Diplotriaena bargusinica Skrjabin, 1917 (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae). Parasitology International 66:555-559.

Three new species of Diplotriaena  (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae ) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, with a key to species of Diplotriaena  from Anguilliformes

Copyright 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: February 20, 2024.