• A family of nematodes that are mainly parasites of amphibians and reptiles; also some birds and rodents..
• Esophagus with bulbous postcorpus
• Males with well developed caudal alae supported by pedunculate papillae
• Precloacal sucker with chitinous rim
• Cervical cordons absent
• Gubernaculum absent

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References

Guo-Hua Liu G-H., Steven A. Nadler, Shan-Shan Liu, Magdalena Podolska4 Stefano DeAmelio, Renfu Shao, Robin B.Gasser & Xing-Quan Zhu. 2016. Mitochondrial Phylogenomics yields Strongly Supported Hypotheses for Ascaridomorph Nematodes.Nature Scientific Reports 6:Article number: 39248

Inglis, W.G. 1957. The comparative anatomy and systematic significance of the head in the nematode family Heterakidae. Proc. Zoological Society of London 128:133-143.

Jimenez-Ruiz, F.A. 2024. Heterakoidea (Superfamily): Cosmopolitan Gut-Dwelling Parasites of Tetrapods. Chapter 51 in S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, eds. Concepts in Animal Parasitology. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi:10.32873/unl.dc.ciap053

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