Revised 10/25/21
A family of nematode parasites with genera described from a range of host 
species, including geckos, lizards, , marsupials, birds, freshwater fish, ants 
and worker bees. All known species of the family are heteroxenous, that is, 
requiring more than one host to complete the life cycle. The nematodes develop 
to the adult stage in the digestive tract of vertebrates.
                
         
Poinar, G. 2012. .Nematode parasites and associates of ants: past and present. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology Article 192017.
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