Nematodes Parasites of Higher Plants

Migratory Ecto/Endoparasites - Hoplolaimidae, Pratylenchidae

Migratory endoparasites - increasing specialization?
Overlapping esophageal glands.
What changes in control of behavioral traits required? How is the behavior controlled? What are the signals?
How inherited? Could the memory/instinct/control be destroyed to result in aberrant behavior - e.g. ectoparasitic feeding?

Are there common characteristics?

The problem of host defense mechanisms - necrosis, hypersensitivity, phenolics.
Apples - the replant problem
Peaches - amygdalin, prunasin
Management - resistance? - not much available, not specialized enough.
Consider transgenic options with rootstocks: Mycogen corp (San Diego) has Bt gene effective against Pratylenchus.
Chitinase genes (only effective against eggs?)
Snowdrop lectin
Studies with trichosanthin (ribosome inhibiting protein).
Clean planting stock
Site preparation - inoculum removal
Rotation, cropping systems, nematicides
Therapy - hot water/formalin, corm/rhizome surgery

393,394,437 bulb fields - Del Norte county P. penetrans

929 Pratylenchus - lilac

439 Clandosan - chitin+urea/BC bulbs, Del Norte

674 lesion/soybean GA

675 peanut-pod lesions FL

693 P. penetrans, onion, canada

701 apple, P. penetrans, NY

927 apple, Pp, NL

928 apple Pp

924 grape in P. vulnus soil from walnut

925 Pratylenchus plums

926 Pratylenchus on phlox, NL

930 P. scribneri, bean

S7 in squash

s20,21 walnut + roots

s36 on cabbage