Nematology 100 - Final Exam, 1991                              12/91
                  NEMATOLOGY 100   -  FINAL EXAM
                  
                  December 12, 1991        2 hours


      (12 points)
  1.  Provide three examples of plant-parasitic nematode species for which 
      resistance to desiccation is an important survival mechanism.  What life 
      stages are involved, and what are the feeding habits of the nematodes?
      Briefly describe the economic significance and potential management 
      approaches in each case.
  
      (10 points)
  2.  Describe the development of the feeding site in the genera Globodera    
      and Meloidogyne.  What are the sources of the stimuli in the nematodes?

      (12 points)
  3.  Briefly discuss the economic importance, distribution, host range, 
      injury to host, relation to host tissue, and management, of the   
      following:
   a. Pratylenchus vulnus.
   b. Hirschmanniella oryzae.
   c. Heterodera glycines.        

      (10 points)
  4.  Describe the proposed causality of bacterial canker of Prunus spp.
      (almonds and peaches), in California.  What biological and environmental 
      factors seem to play a role in the disease?

      (10 points)
  5.  What factors will you consider in developing crop rotation for various 
      plant-parasitic nematode species?  Discuss the use of this approach for 
      the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, and the sugar beet cyst 
      nematode, Heterodera schachtii.

      (15 points)
  6.  Based on your knowledge of nematode management tactics, biology, 
      distribution and host ranges, what control measures are available and
      practical for the following nematode/crop combinations:
   a)  Globodera rostochiensis on potatoes
   b)  Meloidogyne incognita on grape
   c)  Anguina tritici on wheat
   d)  Paratrichodorus minor on cotton 
   e)  Xiphinema index on grape

      (11 points)
  7.  What effects effects might cover crops have on populations of
      plant-parasitic nematodes.

      (10 points)
  8.  If Radopholus similis was found attacking citrus trees in two
      groves in southern California, what measures would you take if 
      you were an official charged with enforcing regulatory laws.

      (10 points)
  9.  Describe the interaction of organisms that results in the condition
      called 'staggers' in sheep in Australia.