Cactodera galinsogae

Cactodera galinsogae	Contents	Rev 10/07/2023
	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Cactodera Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

    Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Punctoderinae

Cactodera galinsogae Tovar-Soto, Cid del Prado-Vera, Nicol, Evans, Sandoval-Islas & Martinez-Garza. 2003.

Morphology and Anatomy:

Female:

Cyst stage present; spherical with protruding neck and small vulval cone; circumfenestrate;
No bullae or vulval denticles
Eggs surface with a punctate pattern

Cactodera galinsogae, cyst with eggs (left) and SEM of circumfenestrate vulval cone (right)
Photographs by Ignacio Cid del Prado Vera

Male:

Body twisted.

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Mexico. Reported from Galinsoga parviflora in fields with a history of cereal cerops in the high valleys in the central mesa of Mexico; in the states of Hidalgo and Tlaxcala, (Tovar-Soto et al., 2008).

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Economic Importance:

On barley, economic importance uncertain.

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Feeding:

Nurse cell system: A syncytium.

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Hosts:

Barley and weed hosts, mainly in the Asteraceae

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Soil temperatures in the high valleys of Mexico range from 16-20 C. White females were observed on roots at 40 days, and cysts at 55 days, after inoculation with J2.

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Damage:

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Management:

Managenment of weed hosts.

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

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References:

Subbotin, S.A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8A , D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 351p

Tovar-Soto, A., I. Cid del Prado-Vera, J. M. Nicol, K. Evans, J. S. Sandoval-Islas, and A. Martinez-Garza. 2003. Cactodera galinsogae n. sp. (Nemata: Heteroderidae) on barley of the High Valleys of Mexico. Nematropica 33:41-54.

Tovar-Soto, A., I. C. Del Prado-Vera, M. Gutierrez-Aguilar, J. Garcia-Zuniga, and K. Evans. 2008. Postembryonic development of Cactodera galinsogae (Tylenchida: Heteroderinae) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and the role of weeds as hosts. Nematropica 38:145-153.