Heterodera amaranthusiae

  

Contents

  

Rev 10/16/2023

Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Heterodera Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu Feeding  References
    Go to Nemaplex Main Menu   Go to Dictionary of Terminology

 

Classification:

Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Heteroderinae

Heterodera amaranthusiae  Jiang, Hu, Li, Bian, Huang, Gu, Liu, Huang, Kong, Liu, Peng & Peng, 2022

A member of the Humuli group of Heterodera species

Synonyms:
    

Review general characteristics of the genus Heterodera.

 

Back to Top

Morphology and Anatomy:

General Characteristics of the Humuli Group of Heterodera

Cysts lemon-shaped
Bifenestrate except H. fici
Bullae absent or present
Underbridge weak
Vulval slit long
J2 incisures 4
Dicotyledonous hosts

(Handoo and Subbotin, 2018; Subbotin et al., 2022)

 

.

Females: 

  • Lemon-shaped, pearly white with protruding neck and vulval cone.
  •  Terminal vulval area covered by an egg mass of easily removed gelatinous matrix.
  • Most eggs retained in body, some deposited in egg sac.
  •  Subcrystalline layer not observed.
  • Stylet with anteriorly projecting knobs; median bulb well developed




Cysts:

  • Lemon-shaped with distinct neck and vulval cone.
  • Cyst asymmetrical in outline with one side rounded and other smooth. Subcrystalline layer absent.
  • Color changing from canary yellow to russet brown.
  • Cuticle surface with zigzag pattern in midbody and lace-like pattern of ridges on posterior end.
  • Vulval cone bifenestrate, separated by a narrow vulval bridge.
  •  Underbridge absent or weak.
  • Bullae and vulval denticles absent.

Heterodera amaranthuiae conforms to the Humuli group with  (H. humuli H. fici  H. turcomanica, H. litoralis, H. vallicola, and H. ripae. All have bifenestrate cysts, J2 with four lines in the lateral field, and anteriorly projecting stylet knobs and dicotyledonous hosts (Jiang et al., 2022).

Males:  

  • Rare.
  • Body vermiform, slender, tapering slightly at both extremities.
  •  Lip region hemispherical, slightly setoff.
  •  Stylet well developed, knobs prominent.
  • Promonent valvate median bulb.
  •  Lateral field with four incisures.
  • Tail tip rounded or bluntly conoid without hyaline region.
  • Spicules thick, slightly curved, tips pointed, thorn-like.

Ref: Jiang et al., 2022

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
Back to Top

Distribution:


Type host and locality is roots and rhizosphere of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)  in a potato fiedl in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, China.


Back to Top

Economic Importance:

 

Back to Top

Feeding:


      

Back to Top
 

Hosts:

Hosts of the Humuli group are generally Dictoyledons. Amaranthus retroflexus
 
For an extensive host range list for this species, click

 

Back to Top

Life Cycle:

Males rare, possinly parthenogenic.

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

 

Back to Top

Damage:

 

Back to Top

Management:

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

 

 

Back to Top

References:

Handoo, Z.A., Subbotin, S.A. 2018. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. Chapter 15 in Perry, R.N. Moens, M., and Jones, J.T.(eds)  Cyst Nematodes. CAB International.

Jiang, R., Hu, X., Li, Y., Bian, Y., Huang, L., Gu, J., Liu, P., Huang, W., Kong, L., Liu, S., Peng, H., Peng, D. 2022. Heterodera amaranthusiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a new cyst nematode parasitising Amaranthus retroflexus L. in China. Nematology 24:189-206.

Subbotin, S.A., Roubtsova, T.V., Bostock, R.M., Maafi, Z.T., Chizhov, V.N. 2022. DNA barcoding, phylogeny and phylogeography of the cyst nematode species of the Humuli group from the genus  Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Nematology 24:873-886.

Subbotin, S,A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8B, D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 512p

 

Back to Top