Heterodera leuceilyma

  

Contents

  

Rev 10/16/2023

St. Augustine Grass Cyst Nematode Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Heterodera Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Heteroderinae

Heterodera leuceilyma Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964

One of the species of the genus that comprise the "Sacchari group" of Heterodera spp.  Species of the groupes have lemon-shaped cysts, are ambifenestrate, and have finger-like bullae projecting from the underbridge of the vulval cone (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007).

According to our present knowledge, H. sacchari is definitely present in tropical Africa, H. goldeni is found in the middle east and H. leuceilyma occurs in the subtropical south-east of North America. The species identity of H. sacchari records from other Asian countries, as well as from Trinidad, West Indies, may need confirmation (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007).
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Morphology and Anatomy:

General Characteristics of the Sacchari Group of Heterodera

Cysts lemon-shaped
Ambifenestrate
Bullae present, finger-like
Underbridge well-developed
J2 incisures 3
Monocotyledonous hosts

(Handoo and Subbotin, 2018; Subbotin et al., 2010,  Tanha Maafi et al., 2005, 2007)

 

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

 

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Distribution:

Subtropical southeast US (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007)

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Economic Importance:

Severe pest of St. Augustine grass (Di Eduardo and Perry, 1964)

 

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Feeding:

Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.

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Hosts:

Hosts of the Sacchari group of Heterodera spp. are generally moncotyledons.

Heterodera leuceilyma is known from several localities along the southern east coast of Florida, USA (Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964). The type host is the grass Stenotaphrum secundatum on which it is considered to be a severe pathogen (Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964). Various specimens in the USDA Nematode collection at Beltsville, MD, USA, are recorded from bermudagrass (C. dactylon).

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

 

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Life Cycle:

 

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters
 
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Damage:

 
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Management:

Little work has been done on control.

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

 

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References:

DI EDWARDO, A.A. & PERRY, V.G. (1964). Heterodera leuceilyma n. sp. (Nemata: Heteroderidae), a severe pathogen of St Augustine grass in Florida. Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, Bulletin 687, 35 pp.

HANDOO, Z.A. & IBRAHIM, I.K.A. (2002). Description and SEM observations of a new species of cyst nematode Heterodera goldeni (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) attacking Panicum coloratum in Egypt. Journal of Nematology 34, 312-318.

Handoo, Z.A., Subbotin, S.A. 2018. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. Chapter 15 in Perry, R.N. Moens, M., and Jones, J.T.(eds)  Cyst Nematodes. CAB International.

LUC, M. (1986). Cyst nematodes in equatorial and hot tropical regions. In: Lamberti, F. & Taylor, C.E. (Eds). Cyst nematodes. New York & London, Plenum Press, pp. 355-372. 496 NematologyMorphological and molecular studies on Heterodera

MULVEY, R.H. (1972). Identification of Heterodera cysts by terminal and cone top structures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 50, 1277-1292.

STURHAN, D. (1998). Notes on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Heteroderidae parasitising Gramineae. Nematologica  44, 585-586.

SUBBOTIN, S.A., WAEYENBERGE, L. & MOENS, M. (2000). Identification of cyst forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLP. Nematology 2, 153-164.

Subbotin, S,A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8B, D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 512p

SWARUP, G., PRASAD, S.K. & RASKI, D.J. (1964). Some Heterodera species from India. Plant Disease Reporter 48, 235.

Tanha Maafi, Z., Sturhan, D., Handoo, Z., Mor, M., Moens, M., Subbotin, S.A.. (2005). Morphological and molecular characterisation of Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merny, 1963 and H. goldeni Handoo & Ibrahim, 2002 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Russian Journal of Nematology 13, 152-153.

Tanha Maafi, Z., Sturhan, D., Handoo, Z., Mor, M., Moens, M., Subbotin, S.A.2007. Morphological and molecular studies on Heterodera sacchari, H. goldeni and H. leuceilyma (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) Nematology 9:493-497.

 

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: October 16, 2023.