Meloidogyne ethiopica

 

Contents

 

Rev 10/24/2023

Ethiopian Root-knot Nematode Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Meloidogyne Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu Feeding  References
    Go to Nemaplex Main Menu   Go to Dictionary of Terminology

 


Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Meloidogyninae

        Meloidogyne ethiopica  Whitehead, 1968

Redescribed by Carneiro et al. (2004) on the basis of comparing the populations from Brazil with populations from Chile and Kenya identified as M. ethiopica (CABI International).

Synonyms:

Based on molecular analysis, Meloidogyne brasiliensis is considered a junior synonym of M. ethiopica (Monteiro et al., 2017; Subbotin et al. 2021)

Review general characteristics of the genus Meloidogyne.

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Female:

Male:

  • Body vermiform, tapering anteriorly, bluntly rounded posteriorly.

  • Length variable.

  • Head high, rounded, continuous with body contour.

  • Stylet robust, knobs smooth, rounded–pear shaped and sloping backwards.

  •  Lateral field with four incisures, aerolated.

  • Metacorpus oval shaped, with large valve.

  • Excretory pore position variable, long excretory canal.

  • Sex reversal occurs and then males have two testes.

  • Spicules are thick with strongly ridged shaft, blade tip curved ventrally.

  • Gubernaculum distinct.

  • Tail short, phasmids at level of cloaca.

Source: CABI, 2013

 

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

 

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Distribution:

Tropical species first reported by Whitehead (1968) in Tanzania. Discovered later in South America, including Brazil and Chile.

Also known from South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe.

 

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Economic Importance:

Severe galling on grape roots in Chile; 65% of vineyard acreage considered infested.

 

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Feeding:

Sedentary endoparasite.

Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus. 

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Hosts:

Type Host: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Grape, kiwi, potato.

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

 

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Sedentary endoparasites.

Female body  ruptures root cortex and may  protrude with the egg mass on the root surface.   

Chromosome number 2n=36-44. The large number, and variability of chromosome number, is typical of species reproducing by obligate mitotic parthenogenesis. (Carneiro et al., 2004; Subbotin et al., 2021).

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Damage:

 
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Management:

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click
 
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References:

CABI 2013. Invasive Species Compendium. www.cabi.org

Carneiro R.M.D.G., Randig O., Almeida M.R.A., Gomes A.C.M.M., 2004. Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chile. Nematology, 6:109-123.

Monteiro, J.M.S., J.E. Cares, V.R. Correa, J.B. Pinheiro, V.S. Mattos, J.G.P. Silva, A.C.M.M. Gomes, M.F.A. Santos, P..Castagnone-Sereno and R.M.D.G. Carneiro 2017. Meloidogyne brasiliensis Charchar & Eisenback, 2002 is a junior synonym of M. ethiopica Whitehead, 1968.. Nematology 19:655-669.

Subbotin, S.A. Palomares-Rius, J.E., Castillo, P. 2021. Systematics of Root-knot Nematodes (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Vol 14: D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 857p.

Whitehead, A.G. 1968. Taxonomy of Meloidogyne (Nematodea: Heteroderidae) with descriptions of four new species. Trans. Zoological Soc. London. 31: 263-401

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: October 24, 2023.