Rev 07/02/2024
TTylenchida Tylenchina Tylenchoidea Meloidogynidae Meloidogyninae
Meloidogyne marylandi Jepson & Golden, 1987
Synonyms:
Review general characteristics of the genus Meloidogyne.
(ref: Golden, 1989)
Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
Meloidogyne marylandi was described, in a species complex with M. graminis, infecting Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in Maryland, USA. Since reported from several southern U.S. states, and from Japan, Israel and Costa Rica (Scheck, 2019).
C-rated pest in California.
Root-knot nematodes (including M. marylandi) have been found parasitizing the grass roots on golf courses, sports fields, and pastures, causing poor growth and yellowing of the leaves (Chiatmbar et al., 2018; Kimmons et al., 1990; Walker, 2014; Salazar et al., 2013). Unfortunately, in many cases the species have not been identified.
Sedentary endoparasite.
Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.
Type Host: Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)
Meloidogyne marylandi reproduces well on wild grasses, turfgrasses, and some grain crops. The original hosts described were Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon � C. transvaalensis), fescue grass (Fescue spp.), and Zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella) (Jepson and Golden, 1987; Kimmons et al., 1990; Scheck, 2019).
Ecophysiological Parameters:
Small galls are produced on the roots of infected plants. Galls may occur singly or coalesce to form compounded root swellings. Aboveground symptoms are general and typical of an impaired root system caused by biotic or abiotic factors. Visible symptoms of infection usually include unthriftiness, yellowing of leaves, wilting, defoliation, and reduced growth. Symptoms are most pronounced on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon � C. transvaalensis) putting greens with a high proportion of sand (Walker, 2014; Jagdale et al., 2019)
Resistance
Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:
Chitambar J. J., Westerdahl B. B., Subbotin S. A. 2018. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in California Agriculture. In: Subbotin S., Chitambar J. (eds) Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture of North America. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection. Springer, Cham.
Golden, A.M. 1989. Further details and SEM observations on Meloidogyne marylandi (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae). J. Nematology 21:455-461.
Jagdale, G. B., Martinez-Espinoza, A. D., Ye, W., and Habteweld, A. 2019. First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne marylandi infecting bermudagrass in Georgia. Plant Disease 103: 5
Jepson, S. B., Golden, A. M. 1987. Meloidogyne marylandi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing grasses. In: Jepson, S. B. Ed. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. pp. 263�265
Kimmons, C. A., Gwinn, K. D., and Bernard, E. C. 1990. Nematode reproduction on endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue. Plant Disease 74:757-761
McClure, M. A., Nischwitz, C., Skantar, A. M., Schmitt, M. E., and Subbotin, S. A. 2012. Root-knot nematodes in golf course greens of the western United States. Plant Dis. 96:635-647.
Nischwitz, C., Skantar, A., Handoo, Z. A., Hult, M. N., Schmitt, M. E, and McClure, M. A. 2013. Occurrence of Meloidogyne fallax in North America, and molecular characterization of M. fallax and M. minor from U. S. golf course greens. Plant Disease 97:1424-1430
Oka, Y., Karssen, G., Mor, M. 2004. First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne marylandi on turfgrasses in Israel. Plant Disease 88:309
Salazar, L., Gomez, M., Flores, L., and Gomez-Alpizar, L. 2013. First report of Meloidogyne marylandi infecting Bermudagrass in Costa Rica. Plant Disease 97
Scheck, H.J. 2019. California Pest Rating Proposal for Meloidogyne marylandi Jepson and Golden, 1987. CDFA, Sacramento, California, USA.
Starr, J. L., Ong, K. L., Huddleston, M., Handoo, Z. A. 2007. Control of Meloidogyne marylandi on bermudagrass. Nematropica 37: 43�49.
Walker, N. 2014. First report of Meloidogyne marylandi infecting bermudagrass in Oklahoma. Plant Disease 88:1286-1287
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