Punctodera mulveyi

Punctodera mulveyi	Contents	Rev 08/02/2023
	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Punctodera Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Punctoderinae

Punctodera mulveyi Kantor, Handoo, Skantar, Hult, Ingham, Wade, Ye, Gauchan & Mowery, 2021

Synonyms:

Morphology and Anatomy:

Some overlap with other species in morphometric characters but separated by rDNA sequences.

Females:

White, subspherical to spherical; projecting neck; novulval cone.
Head with two annules.
Stylet slender, rounded knobs.
Excretory pore near base of neck.
Cuticle with lace- to ridge-like pattern and punctations.
Vulval fenestra and anal fenestra about equal size
Bullae usually absent,
Vvulval slit small, anal fenestra 18-35 um long.

Cysts:

Ovoid to spherical; posterior end rounded.
Light to dark brown
Young cysts with subcrystalline layer.
Fenestral area with distinct punctation and cuticle with transverse rows, ridge
Large dark bullae between vulval fenestra or scattered around fenestral area; absent in young or small cysts.

Males:

Vermiform; head offset with 5-7 fine annules and a labial disc.
Cuticular annulation distinct.
Lateral field with four incisures.
Stylet well developed, with flat to anteriorly concave knobs.
Tail bluntly rounded, < 0.25 body diam. long.
Spicules tapering distally and curved ventrally;single non-ornamented gubernaculum.
Phasmids indistinct.

Second-stage juveniles:

Lateral field with four lines, outer two lines areolated.
Labial region offset,with four or five annules; oral disc distinct, elongated dorso-ventrally to more than twice its width and surrounded by distinct lateral lips bearing amphidial apertures, submedian lips fused.
Stylet strong, knobs anchor-shaped,.
Pharyngeal gland with long ventral and lateral overlap
Genital primordium clearly visible
Tail terminus varying bluntly rounded to slightly pointed or clavate terminus.

Ref: Kantor et al., 2021

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution:

Described from Poa annua on a golf course in Oregon, USA

Hosts:

Poa annua

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

Life Cycle:

Probably amphimictic.Female body retains eggs and becomes a protective cyst. Cysts are a light brown to dark brown color.

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Above ground symptoms of Punctodera mulveyi parasitism are probably consistent with other cyst-forming nematodes. They usually include increased sensitivity to water stress, slower growth and wilting.

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Management:

Resistance

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

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References:

Kantor, M.L., Handoo, Z.A., Skantar, A.M., Hult, M.N., Ingham, R.E., Wade, N.M., Ye, W., Gauchan, G.R., Mowery, J.G. 2021. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. (Nematoda: Punctoderidae) from a golf course green in Oregon, USA, with a key to species of Punctodera. Nematology 23:667-683.

Thorne, G. 1928. Heterodera punctata n. sp. a nematode parasite on wheat roots from Saskatchewan. Scientific Agriculture, 8:707-711