Xiphinema basiri

Xiphinema basiri	Contents	Rev 07/29/2024
	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Xiphinema Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Longidoridae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Enoplea
Dorylaimida Dorylaimina Dorylaimoidea Longidoridae Xiphineminae

Xiphinema basiri Siddiqi, 1959

Morphology and Anatomy:

Caharcteristics typical of genus. In X. basiri, the tail is conical to a somewhat digitate terminus.

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution:

Xiphinema basiri has been reported from Cuba, India, Martinique, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Zimbabwe, Pakistan, Sudan, United States (Florida and Puerto Rico) (Scheck, 2022).

A-rated pest in California Nematode Pest Rating System. Xiphinema basiri has been intercepted by agricultural inspectors in California on roots of imported Ficus from Florida and Mangifera from Puerto Rico. The nematode is a significant pest of woody perennials and vegetable crops in various parts of the world.

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Feeding:

Feeds at root tips causing swelling, stunting, and destruction of tips.

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Hosts:

Citrus, palms, , Ficus, Musa, Vitis, Saccharum and others.

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

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Life Cycle:

Typical of the genus. Eggs, from which first-stage juveniles emerge, are deposited singly in water films around soil particles and are not enclosed in an egg-mass. There are three or four juvenile stages and sexually mature adults. Males are rare in most species and are apparently unnecessary for reproduction; parhenogenesis is common among the species; however, the reproduction of X. basiri has not been studied in detail.

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Damage:

Symptoms of plants in response to the feeding by X. basiri include poor growth and/or stunting of the plant, yellowing, or wilting of the foliage, and damaged or reduced root systems, including root necrosis, lack of feeder or secondary roots, and occasional tufts of stubby rootlets with swollen root tips (Scheck, 2022). Also, X. basiri is known to transmit Cowpea mosaic virus (Caveness et al., 1975).

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Management:

Sanitation: Easily moved with rooted plants and soil (including nursery stock), cultural practices that result in the movement of infected soil to clean, non-infested sites, and contaminated irrigation water (Chitambar et al., 2018)

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

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References:

Caveness, F.E., Gilmer, R.M. and Williams, R.J., 1975. Short report transmission of cowpea mosaic by Xiphinema basiri in Western Nigeria. In Nematode vectors of plant viruses (pp. 289-290). Springer, Boston, MA.

Chitambar, J. J., Westerdahl, B. B., and Subbotin, S. A. 2018. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in California Agriculture. In Subbotin, S., Chitambar J., (eds) Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture of North America. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection. Springer, Cham.

Scheck, H.J. 2022. California Pest Rating Proposal for Xiphinema basiri Siddiqi, 1959. CDFA, Sacramento, California, USA.

Siddiqi, M.R., 1959. Studies on Xiphinema spp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) from Aligarh (North India), with comments on the genus Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 26(2), pp.151-163.