Xiphinema setariae

  

Contents

  

Rev 06/08/2022

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Xiphinema Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Longidoridae Menu Feeding  References
    Go to Nemaplex Main Menu   Go to Dictionary of Terminology

 

 

Classification:

 Enoplea
      Dorylaimida
       Dorylaimina
        Dorylaimoidea
         Longidoridae
          Xiphineminae
Xiphinema setariae Luc, 1958

  • Synonym: Xiphinema vulgare Tarjan, 1964
    • Back to Top

    Morphology and Anatomy:

     

     

     Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
    Back to Top

    Distribution:

    Dewscribed from Florida. Multiple interceptions at border stations in California on plant material imported from Florida (Scheck, 2022). Widespread in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Florida, USA. Also reported from Africa (Mauritius, Ivory Coast, Surinam), and in Europe (Portugal) (Peraza-Padilla et al., 2016; Cai et al., 2018 Scheck, 2022)).

    Back to Top

    Economic Importance:

    A-rated pest in California Nematode Pest Rating System (formerly Q-rated)..

     

    Back to Top

    Feeding:

    Feeds at root tips causing swelling, stunting, and destruction of tips.

    Back to Top

    Hosts:

    Tropical and sub-tropical woody species are common hotsts, including Bactris gasipaes (peach palm), Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), Citrus sp., Cocos nucifera (coconut), Codiaeum sp. (croton), Coffea arabica (coffee) Mangifera indica (mango), Musa sp. (banana), Oryza sativa (rice), Setaria megaphylla (setaria), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Theobroma cacao (cacao), and Psidium guajava (common guava) (Scheck, 2022).

    For an extensive host range list for this species, click


    Back to Top

    Life Cycle:

    Ecophysiological Parameters:

    For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

        

    Back to Top

    Damage:

    Reported to cause substantial damage to an extensive range of crop plants by direct feeding on plant root cells (Oliveira et al., 2003). A citrus grove in Florida, planted on swingle citrumelo rootstock, had stunted plants and an unthrifty appearance. Root tips showed were swollen and distorted.  The soil contained large populations of X. setariae (=X. vulgare) in the soil (Leone et al., 1997).

    On rice and tomatoes in Venezuela, X. vulgare feeding resulted in roots with terminal swelling, cells with partially formed cell walls, and dense hyperactive cytoplasm with amoeboid nuclei (Leone et al., 1999).

     

    Back to Top

    Management:

    Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

    For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

     

    Back to Top

    References:

    Cai, R., Maria, M., Barsalote, E.M., Subbotin, S.A. and Zheng, J., 2018. Description of Xiphinema hangzhouense sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the rhizosphere of Magnolia grandiflora in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Nematology, 20:67-80.

    Leone, A., Miano, V., Lamberti, F., Duncan, L.W., Rich, J.R. and Bleve-Zacheo, T., 1997. Cellular changes induced by Xiphinema vulgare in the roots of citrumelo and by Xiphinema intermedium in the roots of Bermuda grass. Nematologia mediterranea, pp.199-207

    . Leone, A., Miano, V., Lamberti, F., Crozzoli, R. and Bleve-Zacheo, T., 1999. Defense response of rice and tomato to Xiphidorus minor and Xiphinema vulgare (NEMATODA, DORYLAIMIDA). Nematologia mediterranea, pp.101-109.

    Peraza-Padilla, W., Archidona-Yuste, A., Ferris, H., Zamora-Araya, T., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., PalomaresRius, J.E., Subbotin, S.A. and Castillo, P., 2017. Molecular characterization of pseudomonodelphic dagger nematodes of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Costa Rica, with notes on Xiphinema setariae Tarjan, 1964. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 148:739-747.

    Scheck, H.J. 2022. California Pest Rating Proposal for Xiphinema setariae Luc 1958 (syn. Xiphinema vulgare Tarjan, 1964). CDFA, Sacramento, California, USA.

     

    Back to Top
    Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
    Revised: June 08, 2022.