Xiphinema vulgare

  

Contents

  

Rev 07/12/2022

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Xiphinema Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
Return to Longidoridae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

 Enoplea
      Dorylaimida
       Dorylaimina
        Dorylaimoidea
         Longidoridae
          Xiphineminae

        Xiphinema vulgare Tarjan, 1964

Xiphinema vulgare is considered a junior synonym of Xiphinema setariae Luc, 1958

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    Morphology and Anatomy:

     

     

     Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
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    Distribution:

    Dewscribed from Florida. Multiple interceptions at border stations in California on plant material imported from Florida (Scheck, 2022). Widespread in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Florida, USA. Also reported from Africa (Mauritius, Ivory Coast, Surinam), and in Europe (Portugal) (Peraza-Padilla et al., 2016; Cai et al., 2018 Scheck, 2022)).

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    Economic Importance:

    A-rated pest in California Nematode Pest Rating System (formerly Q-rated)..

     

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    Feeding:

    Feeds at root tips causing swelling, stunting, and destruction of tips.

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    Hosts:

    Tropical and sub-tropical woody species are common hotsts, including Bactris gasipaes (peach palm), Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), Citrus sp., Cocos nucifera (coconut), Codiaeum sp. (croton), Coffea arabica (coffee) Mangifera indica (mango), Musa sp. (banana), Oryza sativa (rice), Setaria megaphylla (setaria), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Theobroma cacao (cacao), and Psidium guajava (common guava) (Scheck, 2022).

    For an extensive host range list for this species, click


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    Life Cycle:

    Ecophysiological Parameters:

    For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

        

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    Damage:

    Reported to cause substantial damage to an extensive range of crop plants by direct feeding on plant root cells (Oliveira et al., 2003). A citrus grove in Florida, planted on swingle citrumelo rootstock, had stunted plants and an unthrifty appearance. Root tips showed were swollen and distorted.  The soil contained large populations of X. setariae (=X. vulgare) in the soil (Leone et al., 1997).

    On rice and tomatoes in Venezuela, X. setariae (=X. vulgare)  feeding resulted in roots with terminal swelling, cells with partially formed cell walls, and dense hyperactive cytoplasm with amoeboid nuclei (Leone et al., 1999).

     

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    Management:

    Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

    For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

     

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    References:

    Cai, R., Maria, M., Barsalote, E.M., Subbotin, S.A. and Zheng, J., 2018. Description of Xiphinema hangzhouense sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the rhizosphere of Magnolia grandiflora in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Nematology, 20:67-80.

    Leone, A., Miano, V., Lamberti, F., Duncan, L.W., Rich, J.R. and Bleve-Zacheo, T., 1997. Cellular changes induced by Xiphinema vulgare in the roots of citrumelo and by Xiphinema intermedium in the roots of Bermuda grass. Nematologia mediterranea, pp.199-207

    .Leone, A., Miano, V., Lamberti, F., Crozzoli, R. and Bleve-Zacheo, T., 1999. Defense response of rice and tomato to Xiphidorus minor and Xiphinema vulgare (NEMATODA, DORYLAIMIDA). Nematologia mediterranea, pp.101-109.

    Peraza-Padilla, W., Archidona-Yuste, A., Ferris, H., Zamora-Araya, T., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., PalomaresRius, J.E., Subbotin, S.A. and Castillo, P., 2017. Molecular characterization of pseudomonodelphic dagger nematodes of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Costa Rica, with notes on Xiphinema setariae Tarjan, 1964. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 148:739-747.

    Scheck, H.J. 2022. California Pest Rating Proposal for Xiphinema setariae Luc 1958 (syn. Xiphinema vulgare Tarjan, 1964). CDFA, Sacramento, California, USA.

     

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    Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
    Revised: July 12, 2022.