Phasmarhabditis papillosa

Phasmarhabditis papillosa	Contents	Rev 07/29/2023
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Phasmarhabditis Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Rhabditidae Menu	Feeding	References
	Go to Nemaplex Main Menu	Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Rhabditoidea

Rhabditidae

Phasmarhabditis papillosa (Schneider, 1866) Andrassy, 1983

Morphology and Anatomy:

Female:

Male:

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution:

Phasmarhabditis papillosa is the species or the genus least commonly found associated with gastropod molluscs in California (Irma de Ley). However, elsewhere it has been isolated from sevveral slug species: Arion circumscriptus, A. ater, Deroceras laeve, D. invadens, D. reticulatum, Limax cinereoniger and L. tenellus.

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Feeding:

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Biology and Ecology:

Most of the biology of species of this genus is inferred from studies on P. hermaphrodita

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

Phasmarhabditis papillosa has been isolated from sevveral slug species: Arion circumscriptus, A. ater, Deroceras laeve, D. invadens, D. reticulatum, Limax cinereoniger and L. tenellus.

Mengert (1953) demonstrated that infective juveniles of P. papillosa penetrated A. circumscriptus and A. ater, but only initiated development following the death of the slug. Pieterse et al. (2017) demonstrated thatP. papillosa caused 100% mortality in D. invadens within 14 days of inoculation; they suggested that the nematode may act as an effective biological control sagent.

Phasmarhabditis papillosa disected from Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris, collected in Slovenia were applied tyo loiving slugs at different concentrations. Slugs died at all inoculation rates. Interestingly, mortality of slugs was observed first in the treatments with the lowest nematode dose at 4 days application while decrease in feeding bahavior of rhe slugs was observed first at highest rates of P. papillosa application (Laznik et al., 2021).

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Management:

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References:

De Ley, I.T., O. Holovachov, R.J. McDonnell, W. Bert, T.D. Paine and P. De Ley. 2016. Description of Phasmarhabditis californica n. sp. and first report of P. papillosa (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from invasive slugs in the USA. Nematology 18:175-193.

Laznik, Z., Majic, I., Trdan, S., Malan, A.P., Pieterse, A., Ross, J.L. 2021. Is Phasmarhabditis papillosa (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) a possible biological control agent against the Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris (Gastropoda: Arionidae)? Nematology 23:577-585.

Mengert, H. 1953. Nematoden und Schnecken. Zeitschrift fï¿½r Morphologie und ï¿½kologie der Tiere 4, 311-349.

Pieterse, A., Tiedt, L.R., Malan, A.P. & Ross, J.L. 2017. First record of Phasmarhabditis papillosa (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) in South Africa, and its virulence against the invasive slug, Deroceras panormitanum. Nematology 19:1035-1050. DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003105

Wilson, M.J. and Grewal, P.S. 2005. Biology, production, and formulation of slug-parasitic nematodes . In: Grewal PS, Ehlers R-U, Shapiro-Ilan DI, editors. Nematodes as Biological Control Agents. CAB International, Wallingford, UK; 2005. p. 421-429.