Smithsoninema inaequale

 

Contents

 

Rev 02/22/2024

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
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Distribution Management
Return to Leptolaimidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Chromadorea
  Chromadoria
       Plectida
Leptolaimoidea
Leptolaimidae
Camacolaiminae
        Smithsoninema inaequale Hope & Tchesunov, 1999

Type species of the genus.

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Strong sexual  dimorphism. 

 

Male:

  • Body long, vermiform, slender.
  • Cuticle thin and mostly smooth, but with irregularly dispersed striations.
  •  Anterior end of body conical. Inner and outer labial sensilla not observed, but presumably present and papilliform; cephalic sensilla setiform, 2.5-3.0 um long.
  • Amphid anterior to cephalic sensilla, with circular external aperture,
  • Stoma narrow; dorsal walls of cheilostome and esophagostome thickened as an onchiostyle protruding slightly beyond oral surface.
  •  Esophagus slender and cylindrical anterior to nerve ring and enveloped by numerous spherical cells (presumably neurons) from level of nerve ring; posterior half of esophagus glandular without musculature; cardia between esophagus and midgut patially enveloped by overlap of dorsal gland.
  • Wwall of anterior and posterior regions of mid-gut filled with transparent, spherical, intracellular inclusions
  • Diorchic, both testes anteriorly directed and outstretched; anterior testis on right of gut and posterior on left; minute, cylindroid sperm.
  • Spicules paired, each slender, strongly curved ventrad,
  • Gubernaculum short, slender, and thin with slight proximal caudad process.
  •  Two post-cloacal glands present posterior to spicules, each with short neck directed anteriorly.
  •  Precloacal and cervical ventromedian supplements not observed.
  • Tail 15.3 caudal diameters long and conically attenuated, with three minute, papilliform, ventromedian supplements.
  •  Terminal spinneret 4.5 un long.
  • Three caudal glands, each with distinct nucleus.
 

Female:

  • Body stout, tapered from midbody toward each end, and curved ventrad.
  • Cuticle thin, smooth, without circumferential striation.
  • Inner and outer labial sensilla not observed, but presumably papilliform; cephalic sensilla setiform,
  • Amphid and somatic sensilla not observed.
  • Buccal capsule narrow, without stylet-like thickening of cheilostome or esophagostome.
  •  Anterior fourth of esophagus cylindrical; lumen with cuticular lining; remainder of esophagus obscured by ovoid cells.
  • Cardia present.
  •  Midgut voluminous; cytoplasm of midgut  fiIled with opaque, coarse, granular inclusions.
  • Rectum and anus  apparently vestigial.
  • Amphidelphic and antidromously reflexed.
  • Sperm possibly contained in bulge at outside angle of juncture of ovary and uterus.
  • Tail short conical, 2.1 anal diameters long, without caudal glands.

Ref: Hope and Tchesunov, 1999

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

 

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Distribution:

Marine nematodes. Smithsoninema inaequale was collected in a benthic trawl off the coast of Luanda, Angola; a single male and female were observed in a foramineferan test.

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Feeding:

 Apparently parasitic or symbiotic in the shell (test) of single-celled foraminifera
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Biology and Ecology:

 

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Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters
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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

 

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Management:

 

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References:

Holovachov, O. and Bostrom, S. 2004. Morphology and systematics of the superfamilies Leptolaimoidea Oerley, 1880 and Camacolaimoidea Micoletzky, 1924 (Nematoda: Plectida).  J. Nematode Morphology and Systematics 7:1-49.

Hope, W.D. and Tchesunov, A.V. 1999. Smithsoninema inaequale n.g,  and n.sp. (Nematoda, Leptolaimidae) inhabiting the test of a foraminiferan. Invertebrate Biology 118:95-108.

 

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Copyright 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: February 22, 2024.