Paraphanolaimus behningi

Paraphanolaimus behningi	Contents	Rev: 08/08/2023
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Paraphanolaimus Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Aphanolaimidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Chromadorea
Chromadoria
Plectida: Leptolaimoidea; Aphanolaimidae
Aphanolaiminae

Paraphanolaimus behningi Micoletzky, 1923

Type species of the genus.

Synonyms:

Morphology and Anatomy:

Cuticle coarsely annulated.
Lateral field with two lines, originating between second and third lateral body pore (about 90 um from anterior end) and terminating on tail.
Twenty-four pairs of lateral body pores arranged alternatively ventral and dorsal to lateral field with four or five pairs in pharyngeal region, nine or ten pairs between cardia and vulva, seven or eight pairs between vulva and anus, and one or two pairs on tail. Each body pore connected internally to an epidermal gland cell.
Somatic setae absent.
Stoma cylindrical, 7 or 8 um long, wide with sclerotised walls in anterior half, posterior part funnel shaped, enveloped in pharyngeal collar.
Pharynx cylindrical; glands indistinct.
Nerve ring situated at mid-pharynx .
Cardia elongate, tongueshaped, posterior end surrounded by intestine.
Ventral gland large, oval, situated at level of cardia, opening at base of stoma.
Tail narrowing gradually and terminating in swollen, unstriated tip with a short sclerotised spinneret.
Three caudal glands in tail region.

Females:

Didelphic, amphidelphic. Ovaries reflexed antidromously, on ventral side of intestine.
Spermatheca indistinct.
Vagina anteriorly directed, vulva not protruding, situated at mid-body.

Males:

Lateral body pores ca 25 pairs; 5 pairs in pharyngeal region, 17 or 18 pairs in cardia to cloacal aperture region and 2 pairs on tail.
Monorchic, testis reflexed
Spicules slender with faint transverse striations for most of length.
Gubernaculum prominent, abruptly narrowing in the dorsal half.
Precloacal supplements 13 or 14, tubular, each supplement ca 11 um long.
One pair of precloacal setae, situated ventrolaterally in region of gubernaculum and four pairs on tail (two subdorsal and two subventral). Last pair of setae on tail shorter than other three pairs.

Ref: Girgon et al., 2021

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Ecosystem Functions and Services :

References:

Andrassy, I. 2005. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary, I (Nematoda errantia). Pedozoologica Hungarica 3. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary. 518p.

Bongers, T. 1988. De Nematoden van Nederland, Pirola, Schoorl. Utrecht. 408p.

Girgan, C., Shokoohi, E., Marais, M., Fourie, H., Tiedt, L., Swart, A. 2021. Description of Ironus telperionensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Ironidae) and two known species of Chronogaster (Nematoda: Chronogastridae) and Paraphanolaimus (Nematoda: Aphanolaimidae) from the Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga, South Africa). Nematology 23: 939-962

Holovachov, O. and Sturhan, D. 2003. Studies on the genus Paraphanolaimus Micoletzky, 1923 (Nematoda: Aphanolaimidae) with description of P. paraguayensis sp. n. Nematology 5:793-807.

Raski, D.J. and A,V. Coomans. 1991. Three new species or Paraphanolaimus (Nemata Araeolaimida) with key to species. Nematologica 37:44-62.