Papillonema

 

Contents

 

Rev: 08/05/2023

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Papillonema Menu Ecosystem Functions and Services
Distribution Management
Return to Desmodoridae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Chromadorea
  Chromadoria
   Desmodorida
Desmodorina
             Deamodoroidea
                Desmodoridae
     Spiriniinae

  •         Papillonema Verschelde, Muthumbi & Vincx 1995
  •     Type species of the genus:  Papillonema danieli Verschelde, Muthumbi & Vincx 1995

          

        Synonyms:
         

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    Morphology and Anatomy:

    Papillonema  differs from all other genera of the Desmodoridae by the presence of its internal and prominent external labial papillae . It  resembles Metachromadora and Chromadoropsis but differs from them in shape of (internal and) external labial sensillae (which are setiform in Metachromadora and Chromadoropsis), and in number (three to four in Papillonema ), more in Metachromadora and Chromadoropsis, and shape of the precloacal supplements.

    • Body cylindrical,  1.1-1.3 mm long.
    • Cuticle is very finely striated.
    •  Eight longitudinal rows of very short and fine somatic setae .
    • Head region bluntly rounded with body annuli extending to anterior.
    •  Six internal and six external labial sensillae are papilliform; internal labial papillae are on the lip edge (inconspicuous under light microscope), externallabial papillae are prominent and located just in front of the cephalic setae.
    • Four cephalic setae .
    • Multispiral fovea amphidialis, 1 .5 whorls.
    •  Stoma with one large dorsal  two small subventral teeth.
    •  Pharynx anteriorly slightly swollen by the muscles supporting the tooth . Short cylindrical corpus with strong elongated terminal bulb with three partitions lined and thick cuticlar lining of the cuticle (postcorpus 60% of pharynx length) .
    • Nerve ring located just in front of elongated bulb.

    Females:

    • Didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries llocated at the left of the intestine .
    • Small vulva, cuticular vagina vera and short vagina uterina .
    • Tail without indentation
    •  Prominent spinneret .
    Papillonema danieli : Anterior body; male and female tails.
    Adapted from Verschelde et al., 1995
     


    Males:
      
    • Monorchic, testis outstretched on the right of the intestine.
    •  Spicules arcuate with large capitulum and fine velum.
    •  Gubernaculum 25-28 um long .
    • Usually three, seldom four, ventral precloacal supplements, equidistant from each other with a papilliform base and protrusible pointed tip.
    •  Anterior to the precloacal supplements, there is a ventral row of about ten local thickenings of the cuticle resembling inplantation sites of setae, but no somatic setae are visible .
    • Tail indented, prominenty spinneret.

     

    Ref: Verschelde et al. (1995)


    Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
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    Distribution:

    Marine nematodes inhabiting intertidal sediments of tropical mangroves

     
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    Feeding:

    Probably epistrate feeders

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    Biology and Ecology:

     

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    Life Cycle:

     
     
    For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
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    Ecosystem Functions and Services:

     

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    Management:

     
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    References:

    Verschelde, D., Muthumbi, A. and Vincx, M.  1995. Papillonema danieli gen. et sp.n. and Papillonema clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Ceriops mangrove sediments of Gazi Bay, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 316:225-237.

     
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    Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
    Revised: August 05, 2023.