Stilbonema brevicolle

Stilbonema brevicolle	Contents	Rev: 01/16/2023
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Stilbonema Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Desmodoridae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Chromadorea
Chromadoria
Desmodorida: Desmodorina
Deamodoroidea
Desmodoridae: Stilbonematinae
Stilbonema brevicolle Cobb, 1920

    Synonyms:

S. brevicolle is the type species of the genus.

Morphology and Anatomy:

Cuticle coarsely striated, covered with mucus and rod-shaped bacteria.
Head capsule well developed.
6 papilliform inner labial sensilla, 6 setiform outer labial sensilla, 4 setiform cephalic sensilla
Two circles of 8 subcephalic setae.
Somatic setae along body
Amphid fovea pore-like.
Pharynx muscular, mainl cylindrical, with small pyriform terminal bulb.
Conspicuous, elongate cardia.
Tail conical with spinneret

Females:

Didelphic, ovaries antidromously reflexed, both genital branches to the left of intestine.

Males:

Monorchic,
Spicules paired, curved
Gubernaculum with or without dorsocaudal apophysis.
Conspicuous precloacal supplements at level of pharynx.

Ref: Armenteros et al., 2014

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution:

Marine nematodes in tidal sands and coral reefs.

Nematodes in the subfamily Stilbonematinae of the Desmodoridae are associated with, and feed on, dense coatings of sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic gammaproteobacteria with which they are apparently obligately symbiotic. The nematodes inhabit environments with low oxygen availability and reducing conditions.Essentially, the nematodes farm their bacterial associates by migrating to ocean sediments rich in hydrogen sulfide (Bulgheresi Reference Bulgheresi2011; Murfin et al. Reference Murfin, Dillman, Foster, Bulgheresi, Slatko, Sternberg and Goodrich-Blair2012; Blaxter and Koutsovoulos, 2015).

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Armenteros, M., Ruiz-Abierno, A., Decraemer, W. 2014. Taxonomy of Stilbonematinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae): description of two new and three known species and phylogenetic relationships within the family. Zool; J. of the Linnean Soc. 171:1-21.

Blaxter, M. and Koutsovoulos, G. 2015. The evolution of parasitism in Nematoda. Parasitology 142: S26-S39.

Bulgheresi, S. 2011. Calling the roll on Laxus oneistus immune defense molecules. Symbiosis 55:127-135.

Chitwood, B.G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proc. Helmint. Soc. Wash. 3: 1-16.

Murfin, K. E., Dillman, A. R., Foster, J. M., Bulgheresi, S., Slatko, B. E., Sternberg, P. W. and Goodrich-Blair, H. 2012. Nematode-bacterium symbioses - cooperation and conflict revealed in the Omicsï¿½ age. Biological Bulletin 223: 85-102.