Tripylina

  

Contents

  

Rev: 11/19/2019

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Tripylina Menu Ecosystem Functions and Services
Distribution Management
Return to Trischistomatidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Enoplea
    Enoplia
        Enoplida
            Tripylina
                Tripyloidea
                    Trischistomatidae

Tripylina Brzeski, 1963

    Synonyms:
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Morphology and Anatomy:

Tripylina has a single ovary, the outer labial and cephalic whorls of six and four setae are close together, almost in a single whorl (Tsalolikhin 1983; Zullini 2006; Cid del Prado-Vera et al. 2010; 2012).

In the genus Trischistoma Cobb, 1913 (family Trischostomatidae), the females are monovarial, prodelphic but the whorls of six outer labial and four cephalic setae are well separated (Andrassy, 2007; Cid del Prado et al., 2010; and Cid del Prado et al., 2016).

 

 

 Females:

Cuticle smooth, sometimes with setae.

Whorls of 6 outer labial and 4 cephalic setae are close together so that they appear as a single whorl.

Stoma narrow with dorsal tooth and two subventral denticles.

Esophagus cylindrical with three glands overlapping intestine.

Monovarial, prodelphic, no post-uterine sac.

Caudal glands open through spinneret at tail tip.

 

   
   

Males:  

 
Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:

 Key to the species of Tripylina (from Cid del Prado-Vera et al., 2016)

1a V > 75%; post-uterine sac present or absent 2
1b V < 75%; post-uterine sac absent 4
2a Post-uterine sac present 3
2b Post-uterine sac absent 5
3a Body length <1.4 mm; outer labial setae <12 μm long; pharynx length 164-226 μm T. iandrassyi
3b Body length >1.5 mm; outer labial setae >12 μm long; pharynx length 216-320 μm 4
4a Body length 1.5-2.0 mm; outer labial setae <13 μm long; pharynx length 236-320 μm; excretory pore absent  T. bravoe Cid del Prado-Vera, Ferris, Nadler & Lamothe-Argumedo, 2012
4b Body length 1.5-1.7 mm; outer labial setae <15 μm long; pharynx length 216-242 μm; excretory pore present T. longa Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska, 1993
5a Body length 1.5-1.9 mm; V = 78-81%; three single and two pairs of cervical setae  T. gorganensis Asghari, Pourjam, Heydari, Zhao & Ramaji, 2012
5b Body length 0.8 to 1.6 mm , V = 62-68% cervical setae present or absent  6
6a Body pores present 7
6b Body pores absent  12
7a Body length 0.8 to 1.2 mm  8
7b Body length 1.3 to 1.6 mm 11
8a Body length 0.8-0.9 mm; cervical setae absent T. macroseta Vinciguerra & La Fauci, 1978
8b Body length 0.9-1.2 mm; cervical setae present 9
9a One cervical seta present; tail length 71-105 μm T. manurewa Zhao, 2009
9b One ventro-median and two pairs of lateral cervical setae 10
10a Tail length 62-77 μm; index a = 25-30; index c = 12.4-17.7  T. tearoha Zhao, 2009
10b Tail length 74-82 μm; index a = 20-23; index c = 14.5-15.6  T. tamaki Zhao, 2009
11a Cervical setae absent, subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth; index c = 18-26  T. yeatesi Zhao, 2009
11b Cervical setae present, subventral teeth posterior to dorsal tooth; index c = 14-19 T. zhejiagensis Pham, Wang, Zhao & Zheng, 2013
12a Male absent; subventral teeth anterior or posterior to dorsal tooth; one or two cervical setae  13
12b Male present; subventral teeth posterior to dorsal tooth; one ventromedian cervical seta  . . T. aren-cola (de Man, 1880) Brzeski, 1963
13a Vaginal sclerotized pieces present; excretory pore present  14
13b Vaginal sclerotized pieces absent; excretory pore present or absent 16
14a Subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth; dorsal wall of stomal chamber distinctly thickened . T. sheri Brzeski, 1963
14b Subventral teeth posterior or anterior to dorsal tooth; dorsal wall of stomatal chamber not thickened or only slightly thickened 15
15a Two ventromedian cervical setae; subventral teeth posterior to dorsal tooth; wall of stomatal chamber not thickened  T. rorkabanarum
15a One ventromedian cervical seta; subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth; wall of stomatal chamber slightly thickened T. kaikoura Zhao, 2009
16a Excretory pore present; subventral teeth anterior or posterior to dorsal tooth  17
16b Excretory pore absent; subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth 18
17a Body length 0.8-1.2 mm long; caudal setae absent; index c = 9.8-16; two unpaired cervical setae; subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth T.montecilloensis Cid del Prado-Vera, Ferris, Nadler & Lamothe-Argumedo, 2012
17b Body length 1.3-1.6 mm; one pair of latero-dorsal caudal setae; index c = 15-23; two unpaired cervical setae, subventral teeth posterior to dorsal tooth T. ixayocensis Cid del Prado-Vera, Ferris, Nadler & Lamothe-Argumedo, 2012
18a Body length 0.7-0.99 mm; index a = 18-39; subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth 19
18b Body length 0.8-1.3 mm; index a = 22-36; subventral teeth anterior or posterior to dorsal tooth 20
19a Body length 0.7-0.9. mm; two cervical setae; V = 63-73%; index a = 18-26 T. tlamincaensis Cid del Prado-Vera, Ferris, Nadler & Lamothe-Argumedo, 2012
19b Body length 0.9-1.0 mm; cervical setae absent; V = 66-68%; index a = 31-39  T. valiathani Thaseen & Nusrat, 2010
20a Body length 0.8-1.2 mm; subventral teeth anterior to dorsal tooth; one cervical seta; index a = 22-26 T. ursulae (Argo & Heyns, 1973) Tsalolikhin, 1983
20b Body length > 1.0 mm; a cervical seta present or absent; index a ≥ 26 21
21a Body length 1.0-1.1 mm; cervical setae absent; index a= 26-29; subventral teeth posterior to dorsal tooth . T. ymyensis Tahseen & Nusrat, 2010
21b Body length 1.0-1.3 mm; one or two cervical setae 22
22a Body length 1.0-1.2 mm; subventral teeth anterior to and smaller than dorsal tooth; two cervical setae; index a = 30-36  T. stramenti (Yeates, 1972) Tsalolikhin, 1983.
22b Body length 1.0-1.3 mm; subventral teeth posterior to and similar in size to dorsal tooth; one cervical seta; index a = 26-34 T. puxianensis Xu, Zhao, Wang & Zheng, 2013

 
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Distribution:

Moist soils with organic material and on tree and rock surfaces associated with mosses and lichens..

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Feeding:

Predators of small organisms, including nematodes (Yeates et al., 1993; Cid et al., 2010).

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Biology and Ecology:

 

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Life Cycle:

 
For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

Predation and population regulation of prey species.

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Management:

 
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References:

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: November 19, 2019.