Rev. 08/03/2020
Cuticle smooth, sometimes with superficial striation.
Amphids pouch-like, external opening inconspicuous or oval.
Stoma collapsed, funnel-shaped, or cylindrical, armed or unarmed and surrounded by anterior esophagus.
Esophagus cylindrical.
Dorsal esophageal gland always opens anterior to nerve ring, subventrals generally open anterior to nerve ring.
Male supplementary organs generally three, sometimes more.
Gubernaculum present.
Caudal glands generally present.
Primarily freshwater and soil dwellers, few marine forms.
Those with armed stomas assumed predaceous.
Maggenti, A.R. 1981. General Nematology. Springer Verlag, New York.