Tripylina bravoae

Tripylina bravoae	Contents	Rev: 11/19/2019
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Tripylina Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Trischistomatidae Menu	Feeding	References
	Go to Nemaplex Main Menu	Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Enoplea
Enoplia
Enoplida
Tripylina
Tripyloidea
Trischistomatidae

Tripylina bravoae Cid del Prado-Vera, Ferris, Nadler & Lamothe-Argumedu, 2012

    Synonyms:

Tripylina bravoae A-C: Female. D-G: Male. A: Anterior region. B: Posterior region. C: Cardia. D: Anterior end. E: Face view. F: Spicules and gubernaculum. G: Posterior region lateral showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements, and spermatozoa.

from Cid del Prado et al., 2012

General Characteristics:
Body long and slender, spiraling ventrally in the posterior region after fixation.
Cuticle 1-2 μm thick with very fine transverse striation, indiscernible under LM but visible under SEM; with sparse somatic setae.
Lip region asymmetric, 20-26 μm wide, separated from the body contour by a slight constriction.
Stoma with three triangular lips.
Inner labial papillae small, conical, 2 μm long, two at the base of each lip; six outer labial setae strongly developed, 13-20 μm long; four cephalic setae 5-8 μm long, in a single whorl with the outer labial setae.
Amphid apertures oval, at 19-27 μm from the anterior end.
Stoma opening shifted dorsally, with its wall thickened dorsally.
Strong dorsal tooth directed posteriad, 2 μm long, located 18-35 μm from the anterior end and posterior to the two minute subventral teeth.
Pharynx heavily muscular in the posterior part, separated from the intestine by a large cardia with two pericardiac cells.
No excretory pore.
Two ventromedian setae in the cervical region in males but absent in females.
Rectum 0.8-1.3
times as long as anal body width.
Tail curved in a ventral spiral, the first third wide but then tapering to a slender cylindrical shape.
Caudal glands occupying almost the full width of the tail.
Tail terminating in a small spinneret.

Female:
Cardia 11-19 μm long and 17-25 μm wide.
Distance from posterior end of pharynx to vulva 763-1244 μm and from pharynx base to anus 1133-1398 μm.
Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic: ovary short and reflexed; uterus 80-109 μm long; vagina short, with two oval sclerotized pieces; vulval lips slightly protruding; post-uterine sac 130-175 μm
long..
One pair of small latero-dorsal setae.behind the anus.

Male:
Slightly larger than female. Cardia 12-17
μm long and 23-25 μm wide.
Distance from posterior end of pharynx to cloaca 1513-1724 μm.
Genital system monorchic, with 74.5-105.7 μm long testis.
Sperm cells oval, 8-12 μm long and 6-8 μm wide.
Five pre-cloacal supplements.
Spicules sickle-shaped with bifid terminus and completely surrounded by a muscular sheath.
Gubernaculum U-shaped.
One pair of small, latero-dorsal setae behind the cloacal aperture.

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

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Distribution:

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Feeding:

Nematodes of the family Tripylidae are generalist predators of small aquatic and soil organisms. Many authors have commented on the freshwater and
wet soil in which these nematodes are found, and on the nature of their prey based on observation of intestinal contents or from behavior. Among the recorded prey, as reviewed and collated by Small (1987), are nematodes, rotifers and protozoa (Cid del Prado et al., 2012).

Nematodes in the Tripylidae attach to soil particles or other substrate via adhesive material extruded from the caudal glands through the spinneret. Thus anchored, the body moves quite reapidly in water films, sometimes thrashing vigorously. This behavior has at least three possible purposes: 1. to make tactile contact with prey organisms, 2. to create currents that stir up the sediment and potential prey organisms settled therein, and 3. to anchor the nematode in currents of moving water.

Interestingly similar attachment and feeding behavior occurs in other nematode groups that, based on most characters, appear to be only distantly related. For example, the generalist predators of the Tripylidae are in the Class Enoplea, Subclass Enoplia, Order Enoplida, the specialist predators of other nematodes in the Mononchidae are in the Class Enoplea, Subclass Dorylaimia, Order Mononshida, while the bacterivorous Plectidae are in the Class Chromadorea, Subclass Chromadoria, Order Plectida, according to the phylogeny proposed by De Ley and Blaxter, (2002, 2004).

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Brzeski, M.W. (1965): On the identity off TrischistomaCobb andd TripylinaTripylina Brzeski. Nematologica 11:449.

Cid del Prado, I., H. Ferris and S.A. Nadler. 2010. Soil inhabiting nematodes of the genera Trischistoma, Tripylina and Tripyla from MÃƒÂ©xico and the USA with descriptions of new species. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 13-28-49.

Cid del Prado Vera, I., Ferris, H., Nadler, S.A., Lamothe Argumedo, R. 2012.Four new species of Tripylina Brzeski, 1963 (Enoplida: Tripylidae) from MÃƒÂ©xico, with an emended diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15: 71-86.

Small, R.W. 1987. A review of the prey of predatory soil nematodes. Pedobiologia, 30: 179-206.