Rev: 07/05/2022
Tripylina gorganensis Asghari, Pourjam, Heydari, Zhao & Ramaji, 2012
Synonyms:
General Characteristics:
Female: Body spiraling ventrally in the posterior region after fixation.Cuticle 1-2 μm thick appears smooth under LM but visible under SEM.
Small body pores along entire body.Head rounded, continuous with the body contour.Inner labial papillae small, six outer labial setae strongly developed, 20-22 μm long or 84.6-100% of head width; four cephalic setae 9-11 μm long, in a single whorl with the outer labial setae.Amphid indistinct. Stoma with its wall thickened dorsally.Strong dorsal tooth directed posteriad and posterior to the two minute subventral teeth. Esophagus muscular, separated from the intestine by a large cardias. Rectum slightly shorter than anal body width.
Post-vulval uterine sac present.Tail curved in a ventrally, tapering uniformly. Tail terminating in a small spinneret. Male: Similar morphology to female.Genital system monorchic, testis outstretched.Five to six pre-cloacal supplements.
Spicules narrow, sickle-shaped Gubernaculum aecuate.One pair of small, latero-dorsal setae anterior to cloacal aperture.
Ref: Asghari et al., 2012; Renco et al., 2021.
Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
Described from soil and litter under a hawthorn tree (Crataegus monogyna) in a tropical forest in the Naharkhoran region, Gorgan, northern Iran and from a beech forest in the Slovak Republic.
Nematodes of the family Tripylidae are generalist predators of small aquatic and soil organisms. Many authors have commented on the freshwater andwet soil in which these nematodes are found, and on the nature of their prey based on observation of intestinal contents or from behavior. Among the recorded prey, as reviewed and collated by Small (1987), are nematodes, rotifers and protozoa (Cid del Prado et al., 2012).
Nematodes in the Tripylidae attach to soil particles or other substrate via adhesive material extruded from the caudal glands through the spinneret. Thus anchored, the body moves quite reapidly in water films, sometimes thrashing vigorously. This behavior has at least three possible purposes: 1. to make tactile contact with prey organisms, 2. to create currents that stir up the sediment and potential prey organisms settled therein, and 3. to anchor the nematode in currents of moving water.
Interestingly similar attachment and feeding behavior occurs in other nematode groups that, based on most characters, appear to be only distantly related. For example, the generalist predators of the Tripylidae are in the Class Enoplea, Subclass Enoplia, Order Enoplida, the specialist predators of other nematodes in the Mononchidae are in the Class Enoplea, Subclass Dorylaimia, Order Mononshida, while the bacterivorous Plectidae are in the Class Chromadorea, Subclass Chromadoria, Order Plectida, according to the phylogeny proposed by De Ley and Blaxter, (2002, 2004).
Ecophysiological Parameters:
Regulation of prey species by predation.
References:
Asghari, R., Pourjam, E., Heydari, R., Zhao, Z.Q., Ramaji, F.A. 2012. Tripylina gorganensis n.sp. (Triplonchida: Tripylidae) from northern Iran. Nematology 14:613-621.
Brzeski, M.W. (1965): On the identity off Trischistoma Cobb andTripylina Brzeski. Nematologica 11:449.
Cid del Prado, I., H. Ferris and S.A. Nadler. 2010. Soil inhabiting nematodes of the genera Trischistoma, Tripylina and Tripyla from México and the USA with descriptions of new species. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 13-28-49.
.Cid del Prado-Vera, I., Ferrtis, H., Nadler, S.A., Lamothe Argumedo, R. 2012' our new species of Tripylina Brzeski, 1963 (Enoplida: Tripylidae) from México, with an emended diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15: 71-86.
Renco, M., Rybarczyk-Mydłowska, K., Flis, L., Kubicz, M., Winiszewska, G. 2021. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Tripylina gorganensis from the Slovak Republic as a contribution to the redescription of the species. J. Nematology 53: | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-048
Small, R.W. 1987. A review of the prey of predatory soil nematodes. Pedobiologia, 30: 179-206.
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