Tripylella fatimaensis

Tripylella fatimaensis	Contents	Rev: 11/19/2019
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Tripylella Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Tripylidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Enoplea
Enoplia
Enoplida
Tripylina
Tripyloidea
Tripylidae

Tripylella fatimaensis Cid del Prado-Vera, Ferris, & Nadler, 2016

    Synonyms:

Morphology and Anatomy:

Tripylella fatimaensis Female (E.I) E: Anterior end; F: Anterior end; G: Pharyngo-intestinal junction; H: Posterior end; I: Tail.

Tripylella fatimaensis A. Whole body. C. Face view (6 lips, 6 inner labial papillae, 6 outer labial setae, 4 cephalic setae).

Drawings and SEM from Cid del Prado et al., 2016

Female:

Body C-shaped upon relaxation and fixation.
Cuticle thin, 1-2 μm, with fine striations. Pores and setae present posterior to the cervical region, scattered along the body.
Head region rounded, 14-16 μm wide; inner labial papillae conical, very small; outer labial setae conical, 2-3 μm long; cephalic setae small, 1 μm long and separated from the anterior cephalic setae by <1μm so that they appear as a single whorl of six longer and four shorter setae.
Dorsal tooth is 13-16 μm from the anterior end and 2-4 μm posterior to the two subventral teeth. The dorsal tooth and subventral teeth are in the same stomal chamber.
Amphids caliciform, 7-12 μm from anterior end of the body.
Pharynx-vulva distance 132-255 μm.
Cardia very conspicuous, discoid, 16-26 μm long and 15-27 μm wide, comprised of six cells, the anterior and posterior of medium size and the median cells larger.
Excretory pore at 58-89 μm from the anterior end.
Female gonads reflexed, the anterior 40-115 long and the posterior 39-86 μm long .
Vulva 189-292 μm anterior to the anus, with slightly protruding lips and with very small oval cuticular structures.
Rectum 0.8-1.4 times anal body diameter.
Tail cylindroid, narrowing abruptly at 50-60% of its length, ending in a spinneret 2-4 μm long.
Three pairs of postanal caudal setae present: one pair latero-ventral, one pair latero-dorsal and one pair ventral.

Male:

Unknown.

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution:

Type Locality and Habitat: Moss on a tree trunk in the garden of the Santuario de Fatima, Fatima, Portugal, a350 m above sea level.

Collector I. Cid del Prado-Vera on September 10, 2011.

Nematodes of the family Tripylidae are generalist predators of small aquatic and soil organisms. Many authors have commented on the freshwater and
wet soil in which these nematodes are found, and on the nature of their prey based on observation of intestinal contents or from behavior. Among the recorded prey, as reviewed and collated by Small (1987), are nematodes, rotifers and protozoa (Cid del Prado et al., 2012).

Nematodes in the Tripylidae attach to soil particles or other substrate via adhesive material extruded from the caudal glands through the spinneret. Thus anchored, the body moves quite reapidly in water films, sometimes thrashing vigorously. This behavior has at least three possible purposes: 1. to make tactile contact with prey organisms, 2. to create currents that stir up the sediment and potential prey organisms settled therein, and 3. to anchor the nematode in currents of moving water.

Interestingly similar attachment and feeding behavior occurs in other nematode groups that, based on most characters, appear to be only distantly related. For example, the generalist predators of the Tripylidae are in the Class Enoplea, Subclass Enoplia, Order Enoplida, the specialist predators of other nematodes in the Mononchidae are in the Class Enoplea, Subclass Dorylaimia, Order Mononshida, while the bacterivorous Plectidae are in the Class Chromadorea, Subclass Chromadoria, Order Plectida, according to the phylogeny proposed by De Ley and Blaxter, (2002, 2004).

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Brzeski, M.W. (1965): On the identity off Trischistoma Cobb and Tripylina Brzeski. Nematologica 11:449.

Cid del Prado, I., H. Ferris and S.A. Nadler. 2010. Soil inhabiting nematodes of the genera Trischistoma, Tripylina and Tripyla from MÃƒÆ’©xico and the USA with descriptions of new species. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 13-28-49.

Cid del Prado Vera, I., Ferris, H., Nadler, S.A., Lamothe Argumedo, R. 2012.Four new species of Tripylina Brzeski, 1963 (Enoplida: Tripylidae) from MÃƒÆ’©xico, with an emended diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 15: 71-86.

Cid del Prado-Vera, I., Ferris, H., Nadler, S.A. 2016. Five new species of the genus Tripylella (Nematoda: Enoplida: Tripylidae). Zootaxa 4109(2):198-217.

Small, R.W. 1987. A review of the prey of predatory soil nematodes. Pedobiologia, 30: 179-206.