Paravulvus

Paravulvus	Contents	Rev 02/21/2024
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Paravulvus Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Nygolaimidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Enoplea

Dorylaimia
Dorylaimida

Nygolaimina

Nygolaimidae: Paravulvinae

Paravulvus Heyns, 1968

Type species of the genus: Paravulvus acuticaudatus (Thorne, 1930) Heyns, 1968

=Nygolaimus acuticaudatus Thorne, 1930

=Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) acuticaudatus Thorne, 1930

Morphology and Anatomy:

Relatively small nematodes, body length between 0.9-2.0 mm.
Body ventrally curved, mostso in posterior half.
Lip region rounded, continuous with body contour or offset by a deep or shallow depression. Labial papillae elevated in some species.
Mural tooth deltoid, rarely solididentoid, broad or narrow at base in lateral view, equal to or less than lip region width; solid part varies in length.
Closely grouped gland nuclei large; ori?fice of dorsal gland far behind expansion of pharynx.
Nuclei of ventrosublateral glands of ? first pair (S1N) round, equal in size and at same level or a short distance apart, located in middle or behind middle of distance DN-S2N.
Cardia absent or weakly developed. Cardiac glands ovoid with longer axes lying parallel to body length or irregular in shape.
Peculiar large glandular organs near base of pharynx, stretching posteriad in body cavity and varying in length.

Female:

Female reproductive system amphidelphic, ovaries reflexed.
Vulva longitudinal, pars distalis vaginae short.
Ventral pores near to vulva transformed into special organs called paravulvae, variable in number, shape and position.

Ref Lazarova et al, 3002.

Paravulvus rhodopensis - vulval region of female showing paravulvae ameked by arrows (Phtotmicrograph from Lazarova et al (2002)

Males:

Massive spicules and slender gubernaculum.
Supplements well developed, arranged in a single adanal pair and a usually spaced row of six to 14.

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:

Distribution:

Terrestrial, rarely aquatic, associated with moss and higher plants. Reported from: Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.

Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click

Ecosystem Functions and Services:

References:

Andrassy, I. 2009. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary III. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 608p.

Heyns, J. 1968. A monographic study of the nematode families Nygolaimidae and Nygolaimellidae. Entomology Memoirs. Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Union of South Africa 1968 No.19 144 pp.

Lazarova, S., Peneva V., Loof, P.A.A. 2002. Paravulvus rhodopensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Nygolaimidae) and three known species from Bulgaria, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus. Nematology 4:505-520.

Paravulvus

Contents

Classification:

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Morphology and Anatomy:

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Distribution:

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Feeding:

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: February 21, 2024.

Paravulvus

Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris. Revised: February 21, 2024.

Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: February 21, 2024.