Enchodeloides

  

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Rev 04/04/2023

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
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Distribution Management
Return to Nordiidae Menu Feeding  References
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Classification:

Enoplea

Dorylaimia
    Dorylaimida

Nordiidae

 Pungentinae 

             

Enchodeloides Elshishka, Lazarova, Radoslavov, Hristov, & Peneva. 2017

The type species of the genus is Enchodeloides signyensis (Loof, 1975) Elshishka, Lazarova, Radoslavov, Hristov, & Peneva. 2017

Synonyms:

Enchodelus signyensis Loof, 1975

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Differs morphologically and molecularly from members of the genus Enchodelus.

  • Cuticle  of four layers with different refraction, the outer two layers thinner, the second outer with stronger refraction, the inner layers thicker; outer layer with very fine transverse striations, innermost layer coarsely striated.
  • Lip region 4-5 un high, (Figs1,angular, offset from the abody contour by a constriction; about 3 times as wide as high.
  • P​(Fig.3)erioral area high, disc-like with four elevations surrounding oral aperture;  oral aperture appearing cross-like in shape in frontal view.
  • Labial and cephalic papillae prominent; labial papillae button-like, each surrounded by a small ring, their openings pore-like.
  • Cephalic papillae button-like; outer labial and cephalic papillae below the margin of oral field.
  • Amphidial fovea cup-shaped, its aperture approximately half of lip region diameter and margin curved.
  • Cheilostom a truncate cone with weakly developed walls, its anteriormost part representing a moderately cuticularised perioral ring, appearing as small perioral refractive dots.
  • Odontostyle short and slender, straight, 1.2-1.6 times lip region diameter, aperture 14-16% of its length,
  • Odontophore 1.2-1.6 times as long as odontostyle, with small swellings at its base.
  • Guiding ring double, located at 0.8-1.0 times lip region diameter from anterior end.
  • Esophagus with anterior region  enlarging gradually to an occupying 37-45% of total pharynx length.
  • Excretory pore opposite the nerve ring with slightly cuticularised canal clearly visible at 100-112 um from the anterior end.
  • Cardia rounded conoid.
  • Tail bluntly conoid, 2-3% of body length, with numerous saccate bodies. Hyaline part 4-8 um wide or 12-25% of tail length. Two pairs of caudal pores present.

Female:

  • Female didelphic, amphidelphic
  • Both branches of female genital system equally and well-developed  Ovaries short, rarely reaching sphincter level;
  • Sphincter well developed.
  • Uteri tubular, 2-3 times corresponding body diameter, thick walled, surrounded by hyaline cells along almost the whole length, a
  • Vulva a transverse slit.

Male:

  • Not detected

Ref: Elshishka et al., 2017

 Enchodeloides signyensis: Top row, anterior region with arrows indicating small odontophore swellings. Bottom row: anterior viwe of perioral and head region.
From Elshihka et al., 2017.
   
Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
 
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Distribution:

Enchodeloides signyensis, then described as Enchodelua signyensis was reported from Signy Island in thye Antarctic by Spaull, 1973 and Loof, 1975.  It has since been found in soil and plant materials in Livingston Island and King George Islands (Elshishka et al., 2017).

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Feeding:

 

   
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Biology and Ecology:

   Enchodeloides signyensis is reported from several microhabitats, including different moss and algae communities, and in association with species of higher plants.

 

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Life Cycle:

Males not found.

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

 Like other terrestrial nematodes in extreme polar conditions, most of which colonise all available microhabitats, E. signyensis does not show specific biotope preferences. The major life strategy of organisms inhabiting extreme environments is to develop tolerance and plasticity, not the specialisation and competitiveness tat is typical of other biomes (Elshishka et al., 2017)..

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Management:

 

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References:

Elshishka M, Lazarova S, Radoslavov G, Hristov P, Peneva VK. 2017. Biogeography and phylogenetic position of Enchodeloides signyensis (Loof, 1975), gen. n., comb. n. from Maritime Antarctic (Nematoda, Nordiidae). Zookeys. 2017 Sep 14;(697):37-58. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.697.13770. PMID: 29134015; PMCID: PMC5673849.

Loof PAA. 1975. Dorylaimoidea from some subantarctic islands. Nematologica 21: 219–255. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529275X00581 

Spaull VW. 1973. Distribution of nematode feeding group at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, with an estimate of their biomass and oxygen consumption. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 37: 21–32

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: April 04, 2023.