Tylencholaimus

  

Contents

  

Rev 06/14/2023

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Tylencholaimus Menu Ecosystem Functions and Services
Distribution Management
Return to Tylencholaimidae Menu Feeding  References
    Go to Nemaplex Main Menu   Go to Dictionary of Terminology

 

Classification:

Enoplea
       Dorylaimia
           Dorylaimida
                Tylencholaimidae
Tylencholaiminae
             Tylencholaimus De Man, 1876
Type species of the genus Tylencholaimus mirabilis (Buetschli, 1873) De Man, 1876
The genus Tylencholaimus was established by de Man (1876) for nematodes that resembled Dorylaimida (sensu lato) but which had expansions at the base of the odontophore (knobbed "spear extensions"). Filipjev (1934) made Tylencholaimus the type genus of the subfamily Tylencholaiminae Filipjev, 1934 in the family Dorylaimidae (Loof and Jairajpuri, 1968). Andrassy (2009) considered the Tylencholaimidae to be a separate family within the Order Dorylaimida.
 Back to Top

Morphology and Anatomy:

.

 The genus is characterized by, among other features, distinct swellings at the base of the odontophore which results in the superficial resemblance to a tylenchid stylet.

  Female:

Considerable diversity among species in female genital system.  Some species are diovarial, amphidelphic; others are monovarial.

Some monovarial species are prodelphic, others are opisthodelphic.

 

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
A.B.C Tylencholaimus minutus; D,E,F. T. constrictus
Drawing from Vinciguerra, 1986
Tylencholaimus: Some species categorized by female genital  configuration (adapted from Vinciguerra (1986)

Diovarial amphidelphic

Monovarial opisthodelphic

Monovarial prodelphic

congestus

gertii

airolensis

innebus

pakistanensis

australis

mongolicus

rossi

chathami

paracrassus

zeelandicus

constrictus

paradoxus

 

dorae

savaryi

 

formosus

suryawanshii

 

leptodorus

tahatikus

 

leptonchoides

teres

 

maritus

viduus

 

micronanus

 

 

minimus

 

 

minutus

 

 

mirabilis

 

 

nanus

 

 

obscurus

 

 

porosus

 

 

proximus

 

 

pusillus

 

 

rumjhumi

 

 

stecki

 

 

vigil
 
Back to Top

Distribution:

Several species were found very commonly in the upper 20 cm of soil in Italian beech forests (Vinciguerra, 1986).

Back to Top

Feeding:

 Classified as hyphal feeding (Yeates et al., 1993) and probably on more complex fungal structures.   

Wood (1973) observed Tylencholaimus sp. feeding and reproducing on fungi in tissue culture.

Feeding behavior of most species on Tylencholaimus is not well studied.  However extensive studies have been conducted on the feeding behavior of T. parvus.

Back to Top

Biology and Ecology:

 Interestingly, Tylencholaimus parvus was able to feed on the nematophagous fungus Pleurotus sp. and was not attacked by the fungus.  However, Aphelenchus avenae was killed and consumed by Pleurotus (Okada et al., 2005).

Back to Top

Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
Back to Top

Ecosystem Functions and Services:

 

Back to Top

Management:

 

Back to Top

References:

Andr�ssy, I. 2009. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary III.  Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 608p.

De Man. J. G.1876. Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift Nederlandsche dierkundige Vereeniging 2, 78-196.

Filipjev, I. N. 1934. The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the parasitic nematodes. Smithson. Misc. Collections. 89:1-63.

Goodey, Soil and Freshwater Nematodes

Loof, P.A.A. and Jairajpuri, M.S. 1968. Taxonomic studies on the genus Tylencholaimus De Man, 1876 (Dorylaimoidea) With a Key To the Species. Nematologica 14:317-350.

Okada, H., Harada, H., Tsukiboshi, T.,  Masaak, A. 2005.  Characteristics of Tylencholaimus parvus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) as a fungivorus nematode. Nematology 7:843-849.

Vinciguera, M.T. 1986. New and known species of Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Dorylaimida, Nematoda) from Italian beech forest with a key to the species. Nematologia Mediterranea 14:107-116.

Wood, F.H. 1973. Nematode feeding relationships: Feeding relationships of soil-dwelling nematodes. Soil Riol. Biochem. 5: 593-601.

Yeates, G.W., T. Bongers, R. G. M. De Goede, D. W. Freckman, and S. S. Georgieva. 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera—An outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25:315-331

 

Back to Top
Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: June 14, 2023.