Neosteinernema

 

Contents

 

Rev 05/10/2024

  Classification Biology and Ecology
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Neosteinernema Menu Ecosystem Functions and Services
Distribution Management
Return to Steinernematidae Menu Feeding  References
    Go to Nemaplex Main Menu   Go to Dictionary of Terminology

 


Classification:

 
Chromadorea
  Rhabditia
    Rhabditida
      Rhabditoidea
        Steinernematidae
        Neosteinernema Nguyen & Smart, 1994

   Type species of the genus:  Neosteinernema longicurvicauda Nguyen & Smart, 1994

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Generally simiolar to Steinernema

Labial region with 6 labial and 4 cephalic papillae

Tail conoid with digital terminus; conspicuous phasmids. longer than abd

 

Female:

  • Didelphic amphidelphic

  • Ovoviparous

Male:

  • Spicules foot-shaped with dorsal swelling

  • gubernaculum almost as long as spicule

  • Single midventral genital papilla anterior to cloaca, 8 pairs of precloacal and 6-7 pairs postcloacal

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
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Distribution:

 

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Feeding:

 

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Biology and Ecology:

 

 

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Life Cycle:

In the dauer stage of the infective juveniles (IJs) in the soil, Xenorhabdus spp. are carried in a specialized region of the intestine.

The IJs invade the hemocoel of susceptible insect hosts. Bacteria are released in the insect hemocoel, where they overcome the insect's defense systems and produce numerous virulence factors such as hemolysin and cytotoxin. The insect host is killed.

The bacteria proliferate to high levels in the insect cadaver and produce diverse antimicrobial compounds that suppress the growth of antagonistic microorganisms. Xenorhabdus spp. also secrete an array of exoenzymes that stimulate macromolecular degradation.

Nematodes feed on the proliferating bacteria

Like species of Steinernema, and unlike species of Heterorhabditis, the first generation of adults developing from the IJs are amphimicitic, not hermaproditic; they reproduce sexually. Subsequent generations of adults are also amphimictic.

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 

 

 

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Dillman, A.R., Chaston, J.M., Adams, B.J., Ciche, T.A., Goodrich-Blair, H., Stock, S.P., and Sternberg, P.W. 2012. An entomopathogenic nematode by any other name. PLoS Pathogen 8(3): e1002527, available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002527.

Gaudriault S., Ogier J.C.; Pagu, S.; Bisch G.; Chiapello H.; Madigue C.; Rouy Z.; Teyssier C.; Vincent S.; Tailliez P.; Guivaudan A. 2014. Attenuated Virulence And Genomic Reductive Evolution In The Entomopathogenic Bacterial Symbiont Species, Xenorhabdus poinarii. Genome Biology and Evolution. 6: 1495-1513.  

Gotz, P., Boman, A. and Boman, H. G. 1981. Interactions between insect immunity and an insect-pathogenic nematode with symbiotic bacteria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 212:333-350.

Hunt, D.J. and Nguyen, K.B. 2016. Advances in Entonmopathogenic Nematode Taxonomy and Phylogeny. Nematology Monographs and Perspecives 12 Brill, Leiden.

Kaya, H.K., and Gaugler, R. 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology 38: 181-206.

Ye, W. Foye, S., MacGuidwin, A.E., Steffan, S. 2018. Incidence of Oscheius onirici (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a potentially entomopathogenic nematode from the marshlands of Wisconsin, USA. J. Nematology 50:9-26. DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-004

 

 

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: May 10, 2024.