Torquenema toraliforme

Torquenema toraliforme	Contents	Rev 10/02/2024
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Torquenema menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Chabertiidae Menu	Feeding	References
	Go to Nemaplex Main Menu	Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification

Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea

Subclass: Chromadoria

Superfamily: Strongyloidea

Family: Chabertiidae

Subfamily: Phascolostrongylinae

Torquenema toraliforme (Beveridge and Mawson, 1978), Sukee, Beveridge & Jabbar, 2021

Type species of the genus

Synonyms:

Paramacropostrongylus toraliforme Beveridge and Mawson, 1978

Morphology and Anatomy:

Robust nematodes, red or pink color.
Body covered with transversestriations with gaps along lateral surfaces of body.
Cephalic collar enlarged, disc-shaped, extending peripherally beyond body; anterior surface divided by fine sutures; outer region of collar with internal cavity, semi-lunar in shape in transverse section; inner region of collar pierced by four sub-conical, sub-medial papillae and two lateral amphids;
Mouth opening circular; buccal capsule sub-cylindrical, heavily sclerotized, longer than wide, with numerous inconspicuous internal longitudinal ridges; anterior extremity with about 25 triangular projections forming leaf crown;
Teeth absent in buccal capsule; wall with internal structure sub-divided; duct of dorsal eesophageal gland through wall at mid-length of buccall capsule.
Esophagus clavate; deirid papillate, posterior to nerve ring; excretory pore at about same level as deirid

Male:

Bursa short, stout; lateral and ventral lobes fused, ventral lobes joined ventrally; dorsal lobe shorter than ventro-lateral lobes, with slight median indentation.
Ventro-ventral and ventro-lateral rays complex, apposed, reaching margin of bursa;
Spicules 295-345 um long, alate; alae with numerous transverse striations; anterior extremity of spicules irregularly knobbed; distal extremity curved, terminating in blunt tip; ala diminishes gradually towards distal tip of spicule, losing transverse striations;
gubernaculum prominent, ovoid and laterally elongated

Female:

Vulva close to posterior end;
Vagina convoluted; ovejector Y-shaped,
Eggs thin-shelled, ellipsoid
Tail short conical

Ref: Sukee et al., 2021

	Torquenema toraliforme. a: anterior, lateral view; b: cephal;ic collare and buccal capsule, dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: a: 100 um; b: 10 um Drawings from Sukee et al., 2021

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution

Reported in macropodid marsupials in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia

Economic Importance:

Hosts:

Parasitic in the intestine of Macropus giganteus (Eastern Grey Kangaroo)..

Feeding

Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Damage:

Management:

References:

Sukee, T.; Beveridge, I.; Jabbar, A. 2021. Torquenema n. g., Wallabicola n. g., and Macropostrongyloides phascolomys n. sp.: New Genera and a New Species of Nematode (Strongylida: Phascolostrongylinae) Parasitic in Australian Macropodid and Vombatid Marsupials. Animals 2021, 11, 175. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ani11010175

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