Parazoniolaimus		Contents		Rev 07/08/2025
		Classification		Biology and Ecology
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Parazoniolaimus menu				Ecosystem Functions and Services
		Distribution		Management
Return to Chabertiidae Menu		Feeding		References
		Go to Nemaplex Main Menu		Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Phylum:  Nematoda
Class:    Chromadorea
Order:    Rhabditida 

Superfamily:  Strongyloidea

Family:  Chabertiidae

Subfamily: Cloacininae

Parazoniolaimus Johnston & Mawson, 1939

Type species of the genus Parazoniolaimus collaris Johnston & Mawson, 1939

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Species of Parazoniolaimus are large, robust nematodes characterized by:

• Transverse cuticularstriations.
• Cephalic regionwith 6 well-developed lips with pulp cavities; 4 slightly tapered submedian lips bearing cephalic papillae with bifid setae, ridged on outer surfaces; 2 lateral lips longer, simple, bearing amphids.
• Two conical interlabia, one dorsal, one ventral, ridged on outer surfaces, without pulp cavities.
• Buccal cavity short, cylindrical, about as wide as deep; walls sclerotized but not ridged. Short circular frill with concentric circular annulations surrounding cephalic end
  just posterior to lips. Cephalic end with slight constriction forming neck at level of base of buccal capsule.
• Esophagus long, clavate, anterior of uniform diameter, widening gradually posterior to nerve-ring, about 20% body length. Deirids fine, thread-like, anterior
  to nerve-ring which encircles esophagus at about 25% its length. Excretory pore posterior to nervering.
• Eesophago-intestinal diverticula large.

Ref: Smales, 2002

Males:

• Bursa large; ventral lobes separate, shorter than lateral lobes; dorsal lobe longer than lateral lobes, with distinct lappets.
• Ventroventral and ventrolateral rays apposed, reach margin of bursa; (See Smales, 2002 for greater deatail).
•  Spicules about 25% of 1/4 body length; anterior extremities irregularly knobbed, distal tips slightly curved, blunt;
  
•  Genital cone small, anterior lip larger, conical; posterior lip reniform with pair of bifid appendages.
• Gubernaculum 90 um long, irregularly cordiform with left lateral edge extended posteriorly.

Females:

• Vulva close to anus, 2.3 mm from tail tip, leading into sinuous vagina
• Ovejector with infundibula shorter than vestibule which is shorter than sphincters.
• Eggs ellipsoidal, thin-shelled

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:

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Distribution:

Described from wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) in Australia.

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Economic Importance:

Parasites of marsupials (wallabies)

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Hosts:

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for the genus Parazoniolaimus

Parasitic in stomach of wallabies

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Life Cycle:

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Damage:

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Management:

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References:

Johnston, T.H. and Mawson, P.M. 1939. Strongylate nematodes from marsupials in New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 54:513-536.

Smales, L.R. 2002. A cladistic analysis of the tribe Labiostrongylinea Beveridge, 1983 (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) parasitic in macropodoid marsupials (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea), with a redescription of Parazoniolaimus collaris Johnston & Mawson, 1939. Systematic Parasitol. 51:179-197.

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