Subfamily TYLENCHINAE

                                                                                   Rev 07/17/23

Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Tylenchidae
          Tylenchinae (Orley, 1880)
    Synonyms:
      Dactylotylenchinae (Wu, 1969)
      Duosulciinae (Siddiqi, 1979)

Morphology and Anatomy:

•       Head not or slightly offset, amphidial openings variously shaped (with two major types, a longitudinal and a transverse slit), usually no distinct oral disc. 
•       Stylet small to very small, usually with knobs. 
•       Female genital tract short with only three or four cells in each of the four rows of the crustaformeria part of the uterus, spermatheca offset or not.
•       Tail elongated, to variously formed.
•       This subfamily contains the Tylenchidae that are most similar to the type genus Tylenchus. 
•       The genus Filenchus is not always easy to distinguish from Tylenchus, and several species considered to be Tylenchus by Andrássy (1979) were considered by  Raski & Geraert (1987) to belong to Filenchus.
•       Generally the species of Filenchus are not well known but F. misellus has been demonstrated to be a fungivore. 
•       Our knowledge about some of these genera is rather restricted.

      [Ref: Geraert & Raski, Rev. Nematol. 10(2):143-161 (1987).]

References:

Geraert, E., Raski, D.J. 1987. Rev. Nematol. 10(2):143-161.

Geraert, E. 2008. The Tylenchidae of the world: identification of the family Tylenchidae (Nematoda). Gent, Academia Press, p. 540.

Mahboubi, Z., Keramat, M., Pourjam, E., Atighi, M.R., Clavero-Camacho, I., Abolafia, J., Castillo, P., and Pedram, M. 2023. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ottolenchus isfahanicus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchoidea) from Rhizosphere of Gramineous Plants in Isfahan Province, Iran. J. Nematology 55: | DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0011

Orley, L. 1880. Monograph of the Anguillulids. Természeti Füzetek 4:16–150.

Qing, X., and Bert, W. 2017. Redefinition of genus Malenchus Andrássy, 1968 (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae) with additional data on ecology. Journal of Nematology 49:189–206

Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp. xvii, 833

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