Superfamily Tylenchuloidea
Rev 12/18/23
Classification:
Tylenchida
Tylenchina
Tylenchuloidea Skarbilovich, 1947
Synonyms:
Criconematina (Siddiqi, 1980)
Hemicycliophoroidea (Skarbilovich, 1959)
Criconematoidea
Morphology and Anatomy:
All stages:
- Females and juveniles vermiform or swollen to spherical
- Marked sexual dimorphism; male slender
- Cuticle thin with fine striations
- Esophogeal isthmus narrow, not amalgamated with terminal bulb
Three families:
- Paratylenchidae Thorne, 1949
- Paratylenchinae Thorne, 1949
- Sphaeronematidae Raski & Sher, 1952
- Meloidoderitidae Kirjanova & Poghossian ,1973
- Sphaeronematinae Raski & Sher, 1952
- Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947
- Tylenchulinae Skarbilovich, 1947
Other authorities consider the families listed above to be subfamilies of a
single family, the Tylenchulidae (e.g. Ghaderi et al.,2016):
Tylenchulinae
Sphaeronematinae
Paratylenchinae
Meloidoderitinae
Female:
- Migratory ecto- or sedentary endoparasites of plant roots.
- Female anus a small pore, absent in rare cases.
Male:
- Small, slender.
- Cuticle thin, with narrow annuli; no extra-cuticular layer; typical lateral field present.
- Stylet mostly absent or degenerated and non-functional.
- Esophagus degenerated, nonfunctional.
- One testis.
- Spicules often very long and setaceous, with small narrow head, elongate-slender shaft and finely pointed distal end; variable in shape, but often arcuate.
- Gubernaculum linear or crescent-shaped in lateral view, not protrusible.
References:
Andrassy, I. 2007. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary
II. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 496 p.
Ghaderi, R., Geraert, E., Karegar, A. 2016. TheTylenchulidae of the World.
Academia Press, Ghent, Belgium
RRaski, D.J. and Luc, M. 1987. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nematoda) 10. The
superfamily Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936. Revue de Nematologie 10:409-444.
H. Ferris.
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